Construction and Application of a Full-Process Carbon Emission Measurement System for Power Based on Regional Network Structure

With the widespread use of clean energy and the construction and development of the new power system, frequent interactions occur among multiple entities on the source, grid, and load sides. Traditional carbon emission measurement methods, which primarily rely on energy consumption-side statistics, can no longer meet the carbon emission management needs of regional power systems. This paper analyzes the carbon measurement indicator system, measurement methods, systems, and applications from the perspectives of power flow and carbon emission flow. First, based on the regional network structure, a carbon emission measurement indicator system for the source, grid, and load sides is established. The carbon measurement is subdivided into four stages, these stages are interconnected through boundary conditions, achieving full-process carbon emission measurement. Second, a carbon emission measurement method is proposed. Considering the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of the carbon footprint and power flow, a carbon footprint matrix for the source, grid, and load sides is constructed. By using the carbon footprint tracking algorithm, accurate carbon emission measurement is achieved. Third, a blockchain-based full-process carbon emission measurement system for electricity is designed. A layered and zoned blockchain architecture is employed, and smart contracts are used to automate the collection, storage, and trading of carbon measurement data, ensuring the authenticity, integrity, and traceability of the carbon measurement data. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the full-process carbon emission measurement system are verified with a provincial power grid as a case study.