Comparative Analyses on Perovskite Solar Cells Based on CsSnCl₃ and CsSnI₃ to Enhance Performance

Perovskites are used extensively due to their peculiar and advantageous properties, particularly in optoelectronics. Due to their inherent non-toxicity and resistance to negative environmental and health effects, lead-free perovskites are widely used in solar equipment. Caesium-based solar cells have shown remarkable ways in the lead-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) sphere. This numerical analysis uses CsSnCl<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> and CsSnI<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> as absorber layers for two distinct topologies, with GaAs serving as the Hole transport layer (HTL) and ZnO as the Electron transport layer (ETL). By using the SCAPS-1D simulator to optimize device settings for maximum efficiency, the study locates the enhancing act of CsSnCl<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> and CsSnI<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf>-based solar cells. The device characteristics, including metalwork function, doping density, and absorber layer thickness, are optimized in this study. Furthermore, the impacts of temperature are examined to see how they affect the acts of solar cells. With PCE of 27.47%, V<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OC</inf> of 1.09%, JSC of 28.73%, and FF of 87.64%, the device structure with CsSnI<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> as an absorber demonstrated good performance regarding PV parameters following optimization.