Estimating Electric Field Distribution Generated by V2X Vehicular Communication in Urban Scenarios With Spatial Interpolation Techniques

This study assessed for the first time the feasibility of two interpolation techniques – o-kriging and co-kriging – to estimate the environmental electric field (E-field) in vehicle-to-everything communication at 5.9 GHz. Starting from few E-field values obtained in an urban area, we designed an analytical approach based on (co-)kriging to estimate E-field throughout the entire area accurately. We used <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">raytracing</i> to obtain E-field values used for training (12.5%) and validation. We evaluated our approach in four different vehicular scenarios with multiple transmitters (Txs) and obstacles (non-transmitting vehicles and busses). Co-kriging, besides the E-field values, also used <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Tx-Rx distance</i> and <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">vehicle density</i> as additional inputs. The performance of (co-)kriging, measured by Pearson correlation and residuals, showed an accuracy of 89% - 97%, depending on the number of Txs and obstacles. This approach reduced computational time by up to 87% compared to raytracing.