RISKS AND LOSS ASSESSMENT MODELS IN TAXI FLEET INSURANCE

Amid growing operational and financial risks in the passenger transportation sector, the development of effective insurance models for corporate taxi fleets is becoming increasingly relevant. Despite the high loss ratio characteristic of this segment, its coverage in the academic literature remains fragmented, which complicates the formation of comprehensive solutions by insurance companies. The purpose of this article is to examine the risks and to advance models for assessing losses in the insurance of taxi fleets. The methodological framework of the study includes a review of academic literature on insurance, general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, classification, and comparison, as well as the formal legal method, secondary data analysis, and case analysis. As a result of the research, nine key groups of risks in taxi fleet insurance were identified: technical, behavioral, operational, route and time-related, financial and economic, fraudulent, legal and regulatory, catastrophic, and digital risks. For each of these groups, appropriate assessment models are proposed, including generalized linear models (GLM), frequency-severity models, telematics-based approaches, machine learning algorithms, and collective risk models. Common problems in risk assessment and loss modeling in taxi fleet insurance are identified, such as high data heterogeneity across fleets, limited and fragmented statistical information, lack of telematics infrastructure for part of the clients, poor formalization of the human factor, insufficient accounting for vehicle wear and technical condition, non-transparent internal operations of taxi fleets, high levels of insurance fraud, inadequate adaptation of foreign models to Russian practice, and limited resources and qualified personnel in insurance companies. For these challenges, the article provides specific recommendations for insurers. The results obtained can be applied by insurance companies in the development of differentiated insurance programs, actuarial models, and risk management systems for corporate clients.