anifestations of Reading Errors among a Sample of Fifth Grade Primary Pupils

The study aims to identify the manifestations and types of reading errors among a sample of fifth grade primary pupils.The sample included 55 pupils, among whom 25 exhibited reading difficulties, while 30 were of average to above-average performance (typical pupils).To collect data, the Holiday Text Test by Dr. Saliha Ghellab was used.Employing a descriptive-analytical approach, the study revealed various types of errors, including omission, addition, repetition, substitution, and inversion, although these errors appeared in varying proportions and order across the two groups.The study also found a relationship between reading speed and the number of reading errors.