Application and Prospect of Flexible Sensors in Human-machine Interfaces

With the development of humanmachine interfaces toward universality and intelligence, flexible sensors, owing to their unique flexibility, high sensitivity, and biocompatibility, become a key technology driving innovation in humanmachine interaction. This paper systematically reviews the classifications, operating principles, key materials, and fabrication processes of flexible sensors, and explores their application potential in fields such as medical monitoring and intelligent interaction. Various types of sensors efficiently convert external physical signals through different mechanisms, and the integration of conductive nanomaterials with advanced manufacturing technologies significantly enhances the performance and adaptability of these sensors. In the medical field, flexible sensors find successful applications in health monitoring, smart bandages, and sleep respiration tracking. In intelligent interaction, they optimize the humanmachine experience through technologies such as gesture recognition and haptic feedback. However, challenges remain, including the trade-off between sensitivity and strain range, as well as signal crosstalk. Future research should focus on self-powering technologies, biodegradable materials, and interdisciplinary innovations to achieve scalable production of highly integrated and multifunctional flexible sensors, thereby expanding their application possibilities in human-machine interfaces.