Impact of Probiotic Supplementation and Physical Exercise on Gut Microbiota in Pediatric Patients With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Remission

Objectives: Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer, often treated with intensive chemotherapy and antibiotic protocols that disrupt gut microbiota diversity and function. These disruptions can persist for years after treatment, leading to long-term health complications, including reduced microbial diversity, metabolic imbalances, and decreased physical fitness. This study investigated the impact of physical exercise and probiotic supplementation on gut microbiota, physical fitness, and overall health in pediatric patients with ALL in remission.