Impact of Flavonoids on the Therapeutic Efficacy of Chemotherapeutics on 3D Bioprinted Colorectal Cells

dried BB powder for 4 weeks.Then, mice fed a LFLSS either remained on their diet (n8) or were randomly assigned to a high-fat, high-sucrose, high-salt (HFHSS; n7) diet or to continue in the LFLSS for 12 weeks while LFLSS + BB was switched to a HFHSS + BB (n8) diets for 12 weeks.Epidydimal white adipose tissue (eWAT) were collected at sacrifice and Western blot was used to assess expression of proteins implicated in the intrinsic apoptosis signaling pathway such as B-cell lymphoma-extra-large (Bcl-xL), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), caspase (Casp)-3, and Casp-9.Protein expression of Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (Erk)1/2 and adipose secreted chemokine leptin and its unique receptor were assessed, as well as NfB, a pro-inflammatory transcription factor.Data were analyzed using ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis according to normality followed by Tukey or Dunn's multiple comparison test as appropriate and are depicted as mean AE SD.Results: There were no differences in absolute or relative eWAT mass (p 0.5).Bax expression was not different among groups.Compared with LFLSS, there was an increase in Bcl-xL expression in HFHSS + BB (1.00 AE 0.35 vs. 1.98 AE 0.71-fold; p 0.02).Erk 1/2 expression was significantly reduced in HFHSS (p 0.05) and HFHSS + BB (p 0.02) compared to LFLSS.The expression of Casp-9 was attenuated in HFHSS + BB compared to both LFLSS (p 0.4) and HFHSS (p 0.2), albeit not significantly.No differences were observed in the expression of Casp-3.Although not significant, HFHSS + BB showed a tendency to reduce the expression of p65-Nf-B compared to LFLSS (p 0.09).No differences in leptin or its associated receptor were observed among groups.Conclusions: Preliminary findings demonstrate a trend for BB to augment adipocyte apoptotic signaling in response to a western-style diet.Further research is needed to better understand the implications of altered apoptotic signaling on metabolic dysfunction induced by a western diet.