A Randomized, Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial Investigating a Corn Leaf Extract (UP165) on Sleep Quality in Healthy Adults With Sleep Difficulties

obtained using a validated food frequency questionnaire.Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Stratified analyses by tumor site and TNM stage were performed, and restricted cubic spline were used to examine the nonlinear association between dietary calcium intake and survival outcomes.Results: A total of 2,799 CRC patients were included in the study, of whom 639 deaths were recorded during a median follow-up of 60.33 months, with 574 of those deaths attributed to CRC.Higher total dietary calcium intake was associated with improved overall survival, CRC-specific survival, disease-free survival, and a decreased risk of metastasis and recurrence.Significant associations were observed between vegetablederived calcium intake and improved overall survival, CRCspecific survival, and disease-free survival, with adjusted HRs of 0.74 (95% CI, 0.58-0.95),0.65 (95% CI, 0.50-0.84),and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.63-0.97)when comparing the highest to the lowest quartile.Results differed by tumor site.Nonlinear relationship was observed between calcium intake from dairy products and the risk of metastasis-recurrence (P nonlinear 0.020).Conclusions: Higher total dietary calcium intake, as well as calcium derived from vegetables, were both associated with prolonged overall survival, CRC-specific survival, and diseasefree survival among CRC patients.This suggests that maintaining a moderately high intake of calcium, particularly from vegetables, may have a potential benefit for the prognosis of CRC.