Analysis of Dusty Nanofluid Flow over a Vertical Stationary Cone in a Porous Medium

This research investigates the behavior of unsteady dusty nanofluid flow over a vertical cone in a porous medium, considering the effects of magnetic fields, heat generation/absorption, and thermal radiation. The problem addressed in this study lies in the challenge of accurately modeling the complex interactions between nanoparticles, dust particles, and fluids in such flow systems, particularly under the influence of various physical parameters. The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive exploration of these interactions using different nanoparticles (Ag, Cu, Fe3O4, and CdTe) and the inclusion of unique factors such as magnetic fields and porous media. The significance of dusty fluid with nanoparticles lies in its ability to enhance heat and mass transfer processes, making it valuable for applications in industries such as energy systems, cooling technologies, and chemical processing. Utilizing the Crank-Nicolson method, the complex nonlinear governing equation is solved under specified initial and boundary conditions. Through comprehensive graphical and tabular analyses, the interactions among nanoparticles, dust particles, and fluids are elucidated, highlighting their influence on the flow properties of dusty nanofluids. Validation results demonstrate strong agreement with established benchmarks, further confirming the accuracy of the proposed method. The results show that increasing the nanoparticle volume fraction improves the velocity distributions of both the fluid and particle phases, with a more noticeable effect on the particle phase. Additionally, a higher fluid-particle interaction parameter enhances the particle phase velocity but reduces the fluid phase velocity due to increased resistance. The study also finds that different nanoparticles influence flow behavior differently, with some nanoparticles improving both velocity and temperature profiles more effectively than others. These findings contribute valuable insights into the dynamics of dusty nanofluid flow under the studied conditions.