Epidemiology and Public Health Importance of Bovine Salmonellosis

The infection starts with pyrexia (40.5-41.5C[105-107F]) followed by dysentery and sometimes with tenesmus [27,28] .Mortality rates in both newborn calves and young ones may increase to 100%, depending on the virulence and infection load [29,30] .Milk production may drop in lactating animals [13,31] .Salmonellosis is a serious concern for economic losses and public health that needs critical attention [32][33][34] .However, different alternative therapeutics, mainly plant-based compounds, are under study to control multiple diseases [35,36] .To minimize the salmonellosis around the globe, we must understand the pathogenesis and epidemiology as drug resistance is increasing dramatically [37][38][39] .S. Dublin most commonly causes infection after direct transmission through contaminated food, water, and environment [40,41] .However, the severity of the disease depends upon the infectious dose of the pathogen [15,42] .Salmonella bacteria colonize the gut of the host, followed