The Effect of The Built Environment on Mode Choice for First and Last Mile Trip in Surabaya City, Indonesia

Abstract The connection of the starting and ending points of the trip with the transit node, known as the First and Last Mile connection (FLM) concept, is an important consideration factor for individuals to use public transport. The choice of transport mode for FLM trip can be influenced by several factors, such as the built environment and socio-economic conditions. Therefore, this study aims to examine the components of the built environment that influence mode choice for first and last mile trips, represented by the 5D components (Density, Diversity, Design, Destination Accessibility, and Distance to Transit), and also involves socio-economic variables of travellers, travel patterns, and mode services. This study area focuses in North-South Corridor of Surabaya City which is covered well by the public transport route. The analysis methods used in this research are crosstab analysis and binary logistic regression analysis. Crosstab analysis was used to determine the influence of travel behavior characteristics, travel patterns, and mode services on FLM mode selection decisions. Then, binary logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the influence of the built environment component on FLM mode choice decisions. The analysis results show that the two “D” components, namely pedestrian density (Design) and distance to transit points (Distance to Transit), also travel pattern characteristics such as total travel time are also influential in choosing the first mile mode. Meanwhile, for the last mile mode choice, three “D” components, including the entropy index (Diversity), intersection density and pedestrian density (Design), distance to the destination location and the number of public transit routes (Destination Accessibility) influence individual decisions in mode choice. These preliminary study findings can be considered in planning the sustainable first and last mile trip of public transport use.