Sensitivity of Variables Affecting Urban Heat Island (UHI) Intensity to Different Levels of Transit Oriented Development (TOD) and Non TOD - Adjacent Areas in Jakarta City

Abstract Urbanization, typically in Asia, faces an ever-increasing trend leading to various problems affecting urban areas. Challenges in achieving a sustainable and resilient urban setting has become increasingly difficult, with Urban Heat Island (UHI) as one of the leading causes. Non-sustainable and resilient lifestyle of urban dwellers has led to an increase in UHI intensity. Solutions are then proposed in each sector, as TOD has emerged as a solution in the transportation sector making it more efficient and sustainable. However, TOD impact on UHI is still rarely explored. This research analyzes the influence of some of the key variables in indicating UHI in Jakarta City. The result shows that NDVI and NDBI have an opposite influence in UHI, as increase in vegetation helps reduce UHI and built-up increase UHI intensity, it is especially sensitive in TOD areas. LOS shows a relatively uniform negative influence in all areas, with the largest impact in Affected TOD. This research emphasizes the importance of good planning in TOD development to reduce the UHI effect, as well as the need to increase green open spaces and efficient public transportation systems. These findings provide valuable insights for policy makers in designing effective UHI mitigation strategies in Jakarta.