Histopathological Spectrum of Renal Tumors at a Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: About 2%–3% of all adult malignancies diagnosed worldwide are renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), the most prevalent kind of renal malignancy. Renal tumors include a wide range of benign and malignant lesions, and the patterns of these lesions differ in adults and children. The most common renal tumor in childhood is Wilms tumor. Aim and Objective: The aim of this study was to examine different types of renal tumors, their incidence, and their histomorphological characteristics, as well as their relation to the patient’s age and sex. Results: During our study period of 2 years, 60 kidney tumors were examined. Fifty-two (86.6%) of the cases were malignant, of which 38 (73.1%) were clear cell RCC. There were also three cases of high-grade urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis (5.7%), two cases of papillary cell RCC (3.8%), and one case of pleomorphic sarcoma (1.9%). With a peak occurrence between the ages of 2 and 5, a total of 8 (15.3%) cases were identified as Wilms tumors. Eight (13.3%) cases of benign neoplasms were found; angiomyolipomas in 4 (50%) cases and mixed epithelial and stromal tumors in 4 (50%) cases. Conclusion: With clear-cell RCC being the most frequent malignant tumor in adults, malignant renal tumors considerably exceeded benign renal tumors. In pediatric age groups, Wilms tumor was the most common malignancy. For the diagnosis, staging, and proper treatment of renal tumors, histopathological evaluation is crucial. Immunohistochemistry is an ancillary tool to accurately subtype kidney tumors.