Characterization of <i>Biodegradable Film From</i> Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Bone Gelatin with the Addition of Moringa (<i>Moringa oloifera</i>) Leaf Extract as Active Packaging

Abstract Tilapia fish bone waste can be utilized as an alternative source of gelatin for producing protein-based biodegradable films. The addition of moringa leaf extract can extend the shelf life of the product due to its antioxidant activity. This study aims to determine the optimal active packaging based on tilapia bone gelatin with the addition of moringa leaf extract, evaluated in terms of physical, mechanical, chemical, biodegradability, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. The research utilized a completely randomized design (CRD) with a single factor: variation in moringa leaf extract concentration (0; 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; and 0.8) (% w/v) incorporated into film. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA. The analysis results indicated significant differences in all parameters, except for the moisture content of the biodegradable film. Among all the samples, biodegradable tilapia bone gelatin film with the addition of 0.8% concentration of moringa leaf extract showed the best active packaging characteristics.