Liver dysfunction among pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum

Background: Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a severe form of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy that can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and liver dysfunction. Despite its clinical significance, the impact of HG on liver function is not thoroughly understood. Objective: This study aims to estimate the prevalence and extent of liver dysfunction among pregnant women diagnosed with HG. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at Basrah Maternal and Child Teaching Hospital over a one-year period. It included 100 pregnant women who were admitted for HG. Blood samples were collected to assess liver function through alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels, as well as total bilirubin. Hemoglobin levels and white blood cell counts were also measured. Additionally, urine samples were collected to evaluate ketonuria, indicating metabolic status. Results: The study population had a mean age of 24.2 years, with a mean gestational age of 9.8 weeks. Liver enzyme analysis showed that 21% of the women exhibited at least one abnormal liver function test. Ketonuria was observed in all participants, with 42% exhibited severe ketonuria, 33% with moderate ketonuria, and 25% with mild ketonuria. Hemoglobin levels averaged 10.5 g/dL, indicating mild anemia in several cases. Conclusions: This study showed that mild increases in liver enzymes and ketonuria are common but not indicative of severe liver dysfunction. Parity does not significantly influence these markers. Future research should involve larger populations and track changes over time to better understand the metabolic effects of HG.