Steroids in Maxillofacial Space Infections: A Prospective Comparative Study

Background: Maxillofacial space infections are common and can lead to severe complications if not managed effectively. Standard treatment includes antibiotics and surgical drainage, but inflammation-related morbidity remains a concern. Corticosteroids, due to their anti-inflammatory effects, may help reduce swelling, pain, and hospitalization duration. Methods: A Prospective comparative study was started at the Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, CMH Rawalpindi, from April 2023 to November 2024. The current study included 130 patients with maxillofacial space infection involving the maxilla and mandible. A non-probability consecutive sampling technique was used. Demographic data and the size of the swelling and the mouth opening was measured. Empirical therapy of Augmentin 1.2g was given to all the patients of both groups. Group S was given IV dexamethasone 8 mg, 8-hourly. Incision and drainage were performed on a need basis. After 3 days of the start of treatment, changes in the size of the swelling and the mouth opening were recorded. SPSS version 27 was used for data analysis. Student t-test or chi-square tests were used to compare the data between groups. P value ≤ 0.05 was significant. Results: Change in size of swelling was 2.93±0.62cm in group-A and 3.26±0.67cm in group-S (p=0.004). Change in mouth opening was 0.93±0.74cm in group-A and 1.24±0.56cm in group-S (p=0.003). Surgical intervention was needed in 46.2% and 35.4% of group A and S, respectively (p=0.212). Hospital stay was 4.46±1.10 days in group A and 3.89±1.00 days in group S (p=0.010). Conclusion: Corticosteroids with antibiotics in MSIs have a significant impact on the outcomes as evident from a significant increase in mouth opening and reduction in size of swelling after 3 days of treatment.