MODERN USE OF THE WORLD HERITAGE SITE – VILLA TUGENDHAT IN BRNO AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR MODERN ARCHITECTURE

The article is devoted to one of the most famous objects of world cultural heritage – villa Tugendhat in Brno, which currently functions as a museum. Even though this object is well covered in scientific and popular sources, its function as a museum and its role in modern architecture and design require additional coverage. The principles of the formation of Villa Tugendhat and its similarity to the planning of other projects by Mies van der Rohe are analyzed. The techniques of functionalism are identified and attention is drawn to the previously unaccented aspect of the “eastern” techniques of interaction, “building-natural environment.” Such techniques are “garden within a garden” (the role of a smaller garden is played by a greenhouse in the central area, separated from the garden by a continuous glass plane), “borrowing the landscape” (the living room and terrace offer distant perspectives of Špilberk Castle and the city), “flowing spaces” (the guest area gives the impression of a continuous space with fragments of partitions acting as specific “screens”) and “the building is integrated into the garden” (unlike the traditional sliding architecture of China and Japan, in the villa Tugendhat this effect is performed by “immaterial” glass walls). Thus, attention is drawn to the fact that this object simultaneously contains transformed and modified Chinese and Japanese architectural techniques as a classic example of functionalism.