Evaluation of the impact of nutritional parameters on mortality in patients with multiple myeloma

Aims: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a type of cancer originating in plasma cells. While it can be managed with treatment, it is typically not curable. Recent research has underscored the significance of nutritional factors in forecasting the prognosis of patients with MM. This study aims to investigate the impact of nutritional indicators on mortality among patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma. Methods: We performed a retrospective study to analyze overall survival (OS) in 225 patients with MM, focusing on the association between the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score, the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), and patient outcomes. Results: Of the patients, 69 (30.7%) were younger than 65, while 156 (69.3%) were aged 65 years or older. The impact of CONUT scores on OS was statistically significant, particularly in patients aged 65 years and older (p=0.042). Among patients who had undergone autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (Auto-PBSCT), a statistically significant correlation was observed between GNRI scores and survival times (p=0.002). Our results suggest improving patients’ nutritional status positively influences treatment outcomes and survival rates. Conclusion: The efficacy of nutritional scores on survival in MM has been demonstrated. We recommend clinicians assess patients’ nutritional status when developing treatment plans and consider implementing appropriate nutritional interventions.