Similarities and Differences in China and Japan’s Aid to ASEAN Higher Education and Their Experiences and Lessons Learned

本文通过历史分析和案例研究，探讨中日两国对东盟国家高等教育援助的异同及其影响。研究发现，日本的援助以技术援助为主，注重高端人才培养和长期人力资源开发，强调与日本企业合作及劳动力需求对接；而中国的援助侧重广度和规模，以政府主导推动人才培养和高校基础设施建设，强调“合作共赢”理念。两者均实现了从“授人以鱼”到“授人以渔”的转变，但日本在精细化管理和技术优势方面更为突出，中国则在规模和语言文化传播方面具有特色。针对中国援助的不足，建议加强宣传力度、提升教育质量，并推动可持续发展，以期为未来中国对东盟高等教育援助提供参考。This paper explores the similarities and differences between Chinese and Japanese aid to higher education in ASEAN countries and its impact through historical analysis and case studies. The study finds that Japan’s assistance is mainly technical assistance, focusing on high-end talent training and long-term human resource development, and emphasizing cooperation with Japanese enterprises and labor demand matching, while China’s assistance focuses on breadth and scale, with the government taking the lead in promoting talent cultivation and higher education infrastructure construction, and emphasizing the concept of “win-win cooperation”. Both of them have realized the change from “teaching a man to fish” to “teaching a man to fish”, but Japan is more prominent in fine management and technological advantages, while China is unique in scale and language and culture dissemination. In view of the shortcomings of Chinese assistance, it is recommended to strengthen publicity, improve the quality of education and promote sustainable development, with a view to providing a reference for China’s assistance to ASEAN higher education in the future.