Applications of In-Situ formed Hydrogels in Flexible Wearable Sensors

生物医学与柔性电子领域的蓬勃发展对水凝胶性能提出了更高要求，开发高效成胶、可控成胶的水凝胶成为柔性可穿戴传感器领域的研究热点之一。原位成型水凝胶可以通过不同的触发机制直接在目标位置上形成凝胶，从而与周围组织紧密接触，显著提升附着力，减少因空隙或相对位移造成的噪音干扰，提高传感信号质量。具备优异机械弹性和可控导电性能的原位成型水凝胶，在柔性可穿戴传感器领域有着非常广阔的应用前景。本文综述了原位成型水凝胶的主要成胶机制，介绍了其在柔性可穿戴传感器领域的应用，并对其未来发展方向进行了展望。The booming development of biomedicine and flexible electronics has imposed higher demands on hydrogel performance, driving the development of hydrogels with efficient and controllable gelation as a research hotspot in flexible wearable sensors. In-situ formed hydrogels enable targeted gelation through stimuli-responsive mechanisms to establish conformal contact with surrounding tissues, which significantly enhances adhesion strength of the hydrogels and effectively mitigates signal noise caused by interfacial voids or micro-displacements. Integrating superior mechanical resilience and tunable conductivity, these hydrogels hold vast application potential in the field of flexible wearable sensors. This review systematically analyzes the gelation mechanism of in situ-forming hydrogels, introduces their applications in flexible wearable sensing, and proposes future directions.