Digital Alienation and the Algorithmic Iron Cage: A Marxist Political Economy Deconstruction of the Exploitative Logic in Platform Capitalism

平台经济的扩张催生了数字劳动剥削的新形态，其本质是资本逻辑与数字技术合谋的产物。本文以马克思劳动价值论为理论框架，系统解析平台经济中劳动时间隐性化、劳动关系碎片化、算法控制深化及价值分配失衡等剥削机制。研究表明，平台通过算法延长劳动时间、规避雇佣责任，并借助数据商品化将劳动者的认知劳动转化为资本积累的私有资源，导致劳动者陷入“自主性陷阱”与异化困境。剥削根源在于资本对数据生产资料的垄断，以及算法霸权对劳动过程的全面规训。基于此，本文提出分层治理路径：短期需完善算法透明机制与劳动权益保障，长期应重构数据产权制度与社会保障体系，推动技术伦理与分配正义的协同，为数字经济的公平发展提供理论支撑与实践方案。The expansion of the platform economy has spawned new forms of digital labor exploitation, which are fundamentally products of the collusion between capitalist logic and digital technologies. Employing Marx’s labor theory of value as a theoretical framework, this paper systematically analyzes exploitative mechanisms in the platform economy, including the invisible labor time, fragmentation of labor relations, deepening algorithmic control, and imbalanced value distribution. The study reveals that platforms prolong labor time through algorithms, evade employment responsibilities, and commodify workers’ cognitive labor into privatized resources for capital accumulation, trapping workers in an “autonomy paradox” and alienation. The root of exploitation lies in capital’s monopoly over data as a means of production and the algorithmic hegemony that comprehensively disciplines labor processes. Accordingly, this paper proposes a layered governance approach: short-term measures should enhance algorithmic transparency mechanisms and labor rights protection, while long-term strategies must restructure data property rights and social security systems, aligning technological ethics with distributive justice to provide theoretical and practical foundations for the equitable development of the digital economy.