Descriptive Analysis of Cervical Insufficiency in Primigravida: Insights into Cerclage Intervention and Clinical Impact

Background: Cervical incompetence (CI) is a severe obstetric disorder that can result in pregnancy loss in the second trimester and preterm birth. Cervical cerclage is a routinely utilized method for treating CI, however its efficacy in primigravida individuals requires further investigation. This study aimed to find the frequency of cervical incompetence requiring cervical cerclage in patients entering their second trimester. Methods: This descriptive case series took place at Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, within the six months from June 2024 to January 2025. The study included 160 primigravida individuals to determine the prevalence of cervical incompetence necessitating cerclage in the second trimester and assess delivery outcomes. Data was collected using a standardized questionnaire that included demographics, cervical length, and delivery outcomes. Patients with a cervical length of less than 2.5 cm were diagnosed as having CI and underwent cerclage. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Results: Out of the total subjects, 32 (20%) were diagnosed with CI. Among these, 17 (53.1%) delivered full-term (≥37 weeks), 11 (34.4%) had preterm births (<37 weeks), and 4 (12.5%) miscarried (<24 weeks). All 128 patients without CI had full-term deliveries (100%). The chi-square test revealed a significant difference in full-term delivery rates between patients with and without CI (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study discovered a 20% frequency of cervical incompetence among primigravida patients. Cervical cerclage increased the likelihood of full-term delivery; yet, preterm births and losses continued in a sizable number of patients.