Analysis of the Basic Sentence Structures of Double Negative Sentences in Chinese and French from the Perspective of Iconicity

双重否定句是特殊语言现象，形式上两个否定成分连用，语义为肯定，可表达普通肯定句难以传达的含义，实现特殊修辞效果。本文以认知语言学象似性原则为基础，对比分析汉法双重否定句句型结构。因汉法表达否定概念的方式不同，其双重否定句结构有别。法语借助否定词缀、介词、含否定意义的词及固定结构表否定；汉语主要依靠“不/没有/无”等否定副词或动词。本文先介绍距离、数量象似性理论与双重否定句的关联，再阐述两种语言双重否定句的结构，最后对比异同，从象似性理论角度作出解释。Double negative sentences are a special linguistic phenomenon in which two negative elements are used together in form, with a semantic meaning of affirmation. They can express meanings that are difficult for ordinary affirmative sentences to convey and achieve special rhetorical effects. This article is based on the principle of similarity in cognitive linguistics, and compares and analyzes the sentence structure of double negative sentences in Chinese and French. Due to the different ways in which negative concepts are expressed in Chinese and French, their double negative sentence structures differ. French uses negative affixes, prepositions, words with negative meanings, and fixed structures to express negation; Chinese mainly relies on negative adverbs or verbs such as “no/none/none”. This article first introduces the relationship between distance and quantity similarity theory and double negative sentences, then elaborates on the structure of double negative sentences in two languages, and finally compares the similarities and differences, providing an explanation from the perspective of similarity theory.