An Overview of Traditional Chinese Medicine Acupuncture Bloodletting and Its Combined Therapies for Treating Difficult and Complex Diseases

目的：总结中医针刺放血及其结合疗法治疗疑难病症的治则治法，对其非临床和临床研究进行论述与评价，为其后续研究和临床应用提供参考与借鉴。方法：通过中国知网、万方数据知识服务、维普资讯中文期刊服务、PubMed等平台，搜索“针刺放血”“治则治法”“疑难病症”“结合疗法”等关键词，对其近十年非临床和临床研究进行分析、综述、评价，对其国内外知名机构进行介绍，阐述其治则治法，展望其发展前景。结果：中医针刺放血及其结合疗法可疏通经络、调和气血、清热泻火、祛瘀生新，常用于治疗实证、热证、瘀血证等病证。结论：中医针刺放血及其结合疗法治疗疑难病症的治则治法合理科学，治疗效果明显，具有广阔的发展前景和社会需求。Objective: To summarize the therapeutic principles and methods of traditional Chinese acupuncture bloodletting and its combined therapies in treating difficult diseases, and to discuss and evaluate the non-clinical and clinical research on it, providing references for its subsequent research and clinical application. Methods: Through platforms such as CNKI, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service, VIP Chinese Journal Service, and PubMed, keywords such as “acupuncture bloodletting”, “therapeutic principles and methods”, “difficult diseases”, and “combined therapies” were searched. The non-clinical and clinical research in the past decade was analyzed, reviewed, and evaluated. Well-known domestic and foreign institutions were introduced, and their therapeutic principles and methods were expounded. The development prospects were also discussed. Results: Traditional Chinese acupuncture bloodletting and its combined therapies can unblock meridians, harmonize qi and blood, clear heat and purge fire, and remove blood stasis and promote new blood formation. It is often used to treat diseases such as excess syndrome, heat syndrome, and blood stasis syndrome. Conclusion: The therapeutic principles and methods of traditional Chinese acupuncture bloodletting and its combined therapies for treating difficult diseases are reasonable and scientific, with obvious therapeutic effects and broad development prospects and social demands.