Comprehensive Risk Assessment of Power Grids Using Fuzzy Bayesian Networks Through Expert Elicitation: A Technical Analysis

Power grid infrastructures, essential to modern societies for electricity distribution, are prone to vulnerabilities due to their numerous sensitive components, necessitating a comprehensive risk assessment. Uncertainty in historical failure data often compromises accurate risk quantification, leading to the integration of expert elicitation as a solution. This study develops a Bayesian network (BN) risk assessment model integrated with fuzzy set theory (FST), referred to as the fuzzy Bayesian network (FBN). By incorporating expert insights, this model quantifies internal and external risk variables more comprehensively. Crisp probabilities (CPr), derived from regional transmission operator (RTO) failure incident data, are complemented by fuzzy probabilities (FPr) from expert elicitation. The findings indicate that equipment conditions, specifically transmission lines and circuit breakers, are critical threats to power grids. Environmental factors, particularly storms, emerge as vulnerability risks. A comparison of results using both CPr plus FPr versus FPr alone underscores the utility of expert elicitation in risk assessment. This research demonstrates the effectiveness of FBNs through expert elicitation, providing a comprehensive and accurate framework for power grid risk assessment. To improve risk evaluation in critical infrastructure, integrated data collection techniques are recommended.