Extraction of Levees from Paddy Fields Based on the SE-CBAM UNet Model and Remote Sensing Images

During rice cultivation, extracting levees helps to delineate effective planting areas, thereby enhancing the precision of management zones. This approach is crucial for devising more efficient water field management strategies and has significant implications for water-saving irrigation and fertilizer optimization in rice production. The uneven distribution and lack of standardization of levees pose significant challenges for their accurate extraction. However, recent advancements in remote sensing and deep learning technologies have provided viable solutions. In this study, Youyi Farm in Shuangyashan City, Heilongjiang Province, was chosen as the experimental site. We developed the SCA-UNet model by optimizing the UNet algorithm and enhancing its network architecture through the integration of the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) and Squeeze-and-Excitation Networks (SE). The SCA-UNet model leverages the channel attention strengths of SE while incorporating CBAM to emphasize spatial information. Through a dual-attention collaborative mechanism, the model achieves a synergistic perception of the linear features and boundary information of levees, thereby significantly improving the accuracy of levee extraction. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed SCA-UNet model and its additional modules offer substantial performance advantages. Our algorithm outperforms existing methods in both computational efficiency and precision. Significance analysis revealed that our method achieved overall accuracy (OA) and F1-score values of 88.4% and 90.6%, respectively. These results validate the efficacy of the multimodal dataset in addressing the issue of ambiguous levee boundaries. Additionally, ablation experiments using 10-fold cross-validation confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed SCA-UNet method. This approach provides a robust technical solution for levee extraction and has the potential to significantly advance precision agriculture.