Electronic Excitation-Induced Modification in Electronic Structure and Magnetism for Pulsed Laser Deposited Barium Strontium Titanate Thin Films with Changing Fe Impurity

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the modifications in electronic structure and magnetism resulting from electronic excitation in pulsed laser-deposited Ba_0.7Sr_0.3Fe_xTi_(1-x)O₃ thin films, specifically for compositions with x = 0, 0.1, and 0.2. To investigate the effects of electronic energy loss (<i>S_e</i>) within the lattice, we performed 120 MeV Ag ion irradiation at varying fluences (1 × 10¹² ions/cm² and 5 × 10¹² ions/cm²) and compared the results with those of the pristine sample. The <i>S_e</i> induces lattice damage by generating ion tracks along its trajectory, which subsequently leads to a reduction in peak intensity observed in X-ray diffraction patterns. Atomic force microscopy micrographs indicate that irradiation resulted in a decrease in average grain height, accompanied by a more homogeneous grain distribution. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals a significant increase in oxygen vacancy (V_O) concentration as ion fluence increases. Ferromagnetism exhibits progressive deterioration with rising irradiation fluence. Due to the high <i>S_e</i> and multiple ion impact processes, cation interstitial defects are highly likely, which may overshadow the influence of V_O in inducing ferromagnetism, thereby contributing to an overall decline in magnetic properties. Furthermore, the elevated <i>S_e</i> potentially disrupts bound magnetic polarons, leading to a degradation of long-range ferromagnetism. Collectively, this investigation elucidates the electronic excitation-induced modulation of ferromagnetism, employing Fe impurity incorporation and irradiation techniques for precise defect engineering.