Utilization of Waste Crushed Glass as a Partial Replacement for Fine Aggregate in M45 Grade Concrete

The depletion of natural sand and the increasing accumulation of industrial waste, such as glass, necessitate sustainable alternatives in concrete production.This study investigates the effect of using waste crushed glass as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in M45 grade concrete.The impact of different waste glass replacement levels (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) was evaluated through comprehensive testing of compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption, density, and workability.Compressive strength tests at 7, 14, and 28 days revealed that up to 20% waste glass replacement maintains structural integrity, while higher levels reduce strength due to the inert nature of glass particles.Flexural strength showed similar trends, with reduced tensile resistance at higher replacement percentages.Water absorption increased with waste glass content, suggesting higher porosity, while density measurements confirmed a decrease in mass, beneficial for lightweight applications.Workability tests indicated reduced slump and compacting factor, requiring admixtures to maintain fluidity.The study concludes that waste glass can be safely incorporated up to 20%, offering environmental and structural benefits, promoting sustainable construction practices.