Impact of Health Interventions on Patient Compliance and Clinical Outcomes in Individuals With Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction Diabetes is a major cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality. Diet and medication non-adherence are common among individuals with diabetes, making glycemic control difficult to attain. Objective To assess the effect of a personalized health intervention on treatment compliance and clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Methodology This quasi-experimental study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from January 2023 to December 2023. Data were collected from 250 DM patients who had constant and direct access to telecommunication devices. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: Group A, the intervention group, and Group B, the control group. Patient compliance was assessed using a medication adherence questionnaire, which included questions about physical activity and medical appointments. Results Data were collected from 250 diabetic patients in two groups. The mean age in the intervention group was 55.01 ± 9.81 years and in the control group 57.23 ± 9.25 years. There were 125 participants in each group, and among these, in the intervention group, 48% were male and 52% were female. In the intervention group, HbA1c levels decreased from 8.5 ± 1.2% at baseline to 7.2 ± 1.0% at follow-up, compared to marginal changes in the control group (8.7 ± 1.1% to 8.4 ± 1.0%). In the intervention group, mean scores for physical functioning increased from 65 ± 5 at baseline to 75 ± 6 at follow-up, indicating enhanced functional capacity. Similarly, mental health scores showed improvement, with mean values rising from 70 ± 7 to 75 ± 8. Emotional well-being also demonstrated significant enhancement, with mean scores increasing from 60 ± 6 to 70 ± 7. Conclusion It is concluded that the health intervention implemented in this study significantly improved patient compliance and positively impacted health outcomes in diabetes management. With higher adherence rates to prescribed treatments and substantial improvements in key health metrics, including HbA1c levels, blood pressure, and cholesterol, the intervention demonstrated its efficacy.