Optimization of UAV-based close range flight strategy for geological surveys over complex terrain in Southwest China

The integration of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) into geological surveys has revolutionized traditional methodologies by enabling high-resolution data acquisition in complex terrains. This study explores optimized UAV flight strategies, focusing on the Lüzhijiang River Basin in Southwest China. Using advanced drones like the DJI Matrice 300 RTK equipped with precision sensors, the research addresses challenges posed by steep slopes, dense vegetation, and rugged landscapes. The findings highlight the critical role of task segmentation, terrain-adaptive flight planning, and variable-altitude operations in enhancing data precision and efficiency. By systematically analyzing terrain factors—such as slope, roughness, and ruggedness—the study devises optimal flight paths, ensuring consistent data coverage while mitigating risks. Further, the integration of GIS technology demonstrates the feasibility of accurate geological mapping in challenging environments, improving workflows, data accuracy, and safety.