Chemical fixation of CO 2 using metalloporphyrin s as catalysts for the production of cyclic carbonates

The rising CO₂ levels and ongoing fossil fuel dependence have spurred research into its catalytic conversion. Projections indicate CO₂ could reach 970 ppm in the next century. While CO₂ has industrial uses, its application in fine chemistry is limited. Recent advances aim to convert CO₂ into valuable products like organic carbonates, improving sustainability by replacing phosgene. Metal-porphyrin catalysts (zinc, manganese, copper) have shown high efficiency, with an activation energy of 39.76 kJ mol⁻¹. Effective catalysts and understanding reaction mechanisms are key for further progress.