Morphometrics, pelage variations and reproduction of the little studied Saharan striped polecat (Poecilictis libyca)

Abstract Understanding a species’ biology and natural history is essential for uncovering its survival adaptations and guiding conservation efforts. However, research on the morphometrics, ontogeny, reproduction, and coat pattern variations of the Saharan striped polecat ( Poecilictis libyca ) remains limited. To address this gap, we studied 35 individuals from the Metbasta population in Tunisia, where habitat disturbance is characterized by tillage effects and grazing. We found low sexual dimorphism with higher values for males in 37.5% of measured traits ( N = 24), with the most pronounced differences in upper and lower canine lengths, body weight, and front foot size. Additionally, we recorded a slight degree of sexual dimorphism in the neck circumference and the distances between both upper and lower canines. The overall sex ratio was balanced, suggesting no effect of habitat disturbance. Furthermore, our study re-described this species, notably by searching social media images from North Africa for a comprehensive understanding. The Saharan striped polecat exhibits variation in pelage markings and hair length, with a typical face mask and occasional variation in facial patterns. Moreover, reproductive timing varied geographically, with parturition in Tunisia occurring from March to May, later than in Egypt and West Africa. Females may attain sexual maturity within the first year and can give birth to litters ranging from 2 to 5 cubs, occasionally reaching up to 6. We suggest further studies be conducted on Saharan striped polecat’s diet and on other populations situated in natural habitats to better understand the factors influencing sexual dimorphism in this species.