INTERFERENCE OF RISK FACTORS AND PROTECTIVE COMPONENTS DETERMINES POSSIBILITY OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION IN CARDIAC SURGERY PATIENTS

The nosocomial infections affect from 0.5% till 3% of patients undergoing surgery. The prognosis, prevention and treatment of nosocomial infections after cardiac surgery are of considerable interest due to the high mortality rate of patients. Most surgical site infections can be prevented if appropriate strategies are implemented. During the last years, a significant number of articles have been published regarding the assessment of the reliability of the influence of certain risk factors on the prognosis of the course of the postoperative period. Researchers pay less attention to the role of protective factors. The purpose of this work was to review the literature data over the past five years and to develop an approach to assessing the risk of nosocomial infection in surgical patients. To assess the risk of developing nosocomial infections, we propose the conception of the interference of factors that increase and decrease the risk of developing nosocomial infection in surgical patients. Both types of factors should be considered taking into account the mutually reinforcing or mutually extinguishing effect, significantly exceeding the simple addition or subtraction of their separated action.