Preposition Salad: Placing Humans & AI in/on/over/along/under ‘the-loop’

Academia, government, and industry have not clearly defined the mechanisms by which humans are expected to oversee or collaborate with AI-enabled systems. Inconsistent uses of terms like human-in-the-loop and human-AI teaming create confusion on what type of oversight and collaboration is intended. This paper presents a framework to clarify existing terminology and synthesizes disparate literature to identify existing mechanisms of human-AI interaction.