CAROTID INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS (CIMT) IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) AND ASSOCIATION OF CIMT ACROSS DIFFERENT STAGES OF CKD: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem characterized by progressive loss of renal function and high rates of cardiovascular complications. Patients with CKD experience increased morbidity and mortality largely due to cardiovascular disease (CVD), as CKD is associated with a markedly elevated risk of atherosclerotic events. Traditional CVD risk factors (such as hypertension and dyslipidemia) are often amplied in CKD, and non-traditional factors (chronic inammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, vascular calcication) further accelerate atherosclerosis in this population. As a result, CKD patients are at high risk for developing CVD, and early markers of vascular disease have garnered interest for risk stratication.