Focal fatty infiltration of the lumbar intervertebral disc: a case report and literature review

An intervertebral disc is a pliable, cushioning structure present between the vertebrae in the spine. It functions as a shock absorber, minimizing friction and facilitating movement between the spinal bones. Degenerative changes are viewed as responses to injuries, whether mechanical or metabolic, rather than as distinct diseases. Degenerative disc disease is a frequent etiology of low back pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) commonly demonstrates disc desiccation, degeneration, herniation or protrusion, osteophyte formation, and facet joint arthropathy. In this case report we have specifically addressed a component of degenerative disc disease which is seen as an uncommon MRI finding of focal intradiscal fat. Although the direct impact of focal intradiscal fat on patient outcomes is not fully understood, it typically indicates advanced disc degeneration. Recognizing this finding can assist clinicians in diagnosing the extent of disc degeneration and developing appropriate treatment plans for patients with low back pain or related symptoms.