Socioeconomic Uncertainties and Food Crisis in Nigeria: Current Obstacles and Future Opportunities

Nigeria’s socioeconomic uncertainties have exacerbated food insecurity, leading to increased hunger and malnutrition, especially in vulnerable regions such as the Northern rural communities. The worsening economic conditions, marked by inflation, unemployment, insecurity, and inconsistent government policies, have intensified the country’s food crisis. Recent protests, including #EndBadGovernance, stressed public frustration over the government's failure to address these challenges effectively. This study employs qualitative content analysis and trend examination (2019–2024), using documentary evidence to assess the key socioeconomic factors influencing food security and the role of government policies. The Political Economy Theory serves as the theoretical lens, emphasizing the interplay of economic policies, governance structures, and food accessibility. Findings reveal that inflation surged from 11.4% in 2019 to over 30% in 2024, directly impacting food prices and affordability. Additionally, insecurity, farmer-herder conflicts, climate change, and supply chain disruptions have worsened agricultural productivity and food availability. Government interventions have often been reactive rather than strategic, exacerbating the crisis. To achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 1, 2, and 8 (No Poverty, Zero Hunger, and Decent Work & Economic Growth), the study recommends long-term policy reforms, increased investment in climate-smart agriculture, improved rural infrastructure, and enhanced security measures. Strengthening governmental and non-governmental partnerships is crucial to achieving food security in Nigeria.