Smoking During Pregnancy and Its Association with Maternal Health Among Women of Reproductive Age in Alabama: An Analysis Using the Three Delays Model and PRAMS Phase 8 Data

While smoking during pregnancy remains a modifiable health behavior, informational and system barriers emerged as the more immediate determinants of poor maternal outcomes in this cohort. Addressing these barriers through targeted prenatal education initiatives and system-level improvements can enhance care utilization and improve maternal and infant health outcomes, even among pregnant smokers.