The Utilization of Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) in Agricultural Application and The Effecting Mechanisms

Plants, which lack a sophisticated endocrine system, utilize growth regulators (phytohormones) naturally produced within their bodies to grow, develop, and respond to environmental factors. Many physiological processes in plants occur under the control of hormones that are continuously interacting with each other in a balance. Plant growth regulators are classified into two main categories: growth simulators (e.g auxin, gibberellic acid, cytokinin.) and growth inhibitors (e.g. absisic acid ethylene). They play a role in various processes such as plant elongation, branching, germination, fruit growth, flowering, cell division, root development, and stress responses. This article provides a detailed examination of how plant growth regulators are used in agriculture and their effects on physiological processes. Research on these regulators is of great importance for agricultural productivity and sustainability. They enhance plant growth, improve stress resistance, leading to higher yields and increase product quality. Additionally, they offer opportunities for multiple harvests with shorter growth periods and optimize resource use. Thus, while the economic benefits are provided, environmental impacts are also minimized. Such research contributes to the development of innovative agricultural techniques, playing a critical role for increasing global food demand, ensuring food security.