Anticancer Activity of Ferulic acid Purified From Iraqi Apple petioles

Background: Ferulic acid (F), a hydroxycinnamic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid), is one of the primary phenolic acids found in apples. F has potential biological activity, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Objective: The present study aimed to purify F from Iraqi Apple petioles crude extract and investigate the effect of F on cell viability in (human colon cancer cell/ SW480, human hepatocyte carcinoma/ Hep G2, adenocarcinoma of the stomach/ AGS, and human lung adenocarcinoma/ A549), beside the normal cell line (Human Embryonic Kidney/HEK 293).Materials and Methods: F was determined quantitatively and qualitatively in different aerial parts for Iraqi apple (Malus domestica), cv." Ibrahimi" included leaves, petioles, and stems extracts. Petioles represented a rich source of F, which was isolated and purified by preparative HPLC. Various analytical characterization methods confirmed the chemical structure of the isolated Ferulic acid (F2): Melting point, High-performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Carbon Hydrogen and Nitrogen elemental analyses (CHN), and Identification by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Cytotoxicity was evaluated using MTT assay after exposure to escalating doses(500, 250, 125, 62.5, 31.25, and 15.625) μg/ml of F and Cisplatin (standard chemotherapy )against cancer cell lines and normal cell line. Results: About 0.952 g F2 was obtained from 14.086 g apple petioles (6.8%). The MTT test results showed that the purified F2 possessed significant anticancer activity on all cancer cell lines. Conclusion: Results suggested that purified F2 from Iraqi apple petioles has potential cytotoxicity, which may benefit human health.