Evaluating the Test-Negative Design for COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Using Randomized Trial Data
In this cross-protocol analysis, the TND provided reliable inferences on COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in health care-seeking populations for multiple vaccines and symptom definitions when confounding and selection bias were absent. A machine-learning approach for robust confounding control in postmarketing TND studies was also introduced.
Authors
- Eric Bravo
- Richard Gibson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5412-1965)
- Blanca Gomez
- Weiping Deng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9825-3297)
- Jon F. Dedon
- Shelly Ramirez
- Dean M. Boswell
- Hala Webster
- Dima Dandachi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8641-0988)
- Michele Haynes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2718-3954)
- Sanjay Gurunathan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7241-6370)
- Theresa Hegmann (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6985-7964)
- Allison O'Brien
- Eric N. Miller (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0650-714X)
- Tameika Scott
- Therese Takas
- Angela R Branche (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7742-5352)
- Richard Starlin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7901-3941)
- Laurie J. Han-Conrad
- Will Hernandez
- Luz Marina Zapata (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4382-438X)
- Christina Bacher
- Robert L. Atmar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9989-6772)
- E. Adrianne Hammershaimb (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0823-275X)
- Susan L. Koletar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1370-7438)
- Leah Andrews (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3418-9468)
- Florida Aristy
- Jennie Johnson
- Somnath Mangarule
- Laura Stulken
- Jalima Quintero
- Gregory Utz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4575-4060)
- Roger Masotti
- Martín Bäcker (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8061-5838)
- Amit Paliwal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-9086)
- Nessryne Sater
- William C. Kirby
- Ian Hirsch (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1232-9770)
- Guillermo M. Ruiz‐Palacios (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3708-9654)
- Gregory Gottschlich
- Alice McGarry
- Paul E. Kilgore (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3214-4482)
- Rebecca Zash (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5707-421X)
- Brittany Feijoo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7566-5870)
- Elizabeth Bruce
- Lilly Cheng Immergluck (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8542-896X)
- Philip Ponce
- Jon M. Finley
- Lyly Dang
- David B. Musante
- Dipesh Tamrakar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0772-3653)
- Nina Ahmad (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-3408)
- Marian E. Shaw
- María José Reyes Fentanes
- Satoshi Kamidani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6829-0700)
- Quito Osuna Carr
- Lauren Clement
- Gregory Holt (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6421-118X)
- Michal Juraska (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0920-2915)
- S. Hasan Naqvi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2149-2142)
- Niles Eaton
- Carmel B. Dyer
- Patty Reed
- Millie Manalo
- Emmanuel B. Walter (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6502-6736)
- Jeffery L. Meier (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9491-1697)
- Melanie Jay (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7343-3120)
- Brit Sovic
- Patrick A. Flume (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1560-6879)
- Fred E. Newton
- Paul Matherne
- Nuchra Sirisuphmitr
- Richard Calderone
- Cynthia Montano-Pereira
- Judith Borger
- Michele P. Andrasik (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1952-7825)
- Matthew Sims (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4427-6653)
- Hong‐Van Tieu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7880-6448)
- Mark Turner
- Shamika Huskey
- Amit Suresh Bhate
- Bindu Balani
- Ariana C. Stanton
- Wendell Lewis
- Johannes Antony
- Huub G. Gelderblom
- Renea Henderson
- Nicole Grunenberg (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2565-3879)
- Emily Oppenheim
- Amber Grant (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3136-298X)
- S Green
- Jill Maaske
- Maggie Ann Bowers (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4754-8033)
- Akiyoshi Uchiyama
- Cynthia D. Brown (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4057-0561)
- Carl Griffin
- Charnell Cromer
- Ronald Ackerman
- Larkin T. Wadsworth
- Carl J. Fichtenbaum (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6778-7253)
- Stephen Morris (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7505-5327)
- Satyajit Mohapatra (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7950-1005)
- Esther L. Harmon
- Corrina Pavetto
- Danaya Chansinghakul
- Yunda Huang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1546-6172)
- Jorge F. Méndez Galván
- Adam Brosz
- Bruce McClenathan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6717-667X)
- Karl M. Thompson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6182-9507)
- Keith Vrbicky
- Evan Ewers (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1384-9973)
- Beth D. Kirkpatrick (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7016-7338)
- James Fry
- Menelas N. Pangalos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9783-0956)
- María L. Alcaide (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4648-0145)
- Erica L. Sanchez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9079-1090)
- Timothy R. Shope (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0974-2639)
- Lisa Holloway
- James E. Peacock (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5362-005X)
- Marc Siegel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9029-8389)
- Siham M. Mahgoub
- Yogesh K. Paliwal
- Margaret Rhee
- Kathleen A. Linder (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5352-4738)
- Brendan Flannery (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5041-308X)
- Glenda Gray (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4649-1477)
- Elizabeth E. Robison
- C. D. Wilson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5817-0991)
- Karla Zepeda
- Chelsie Nutsch
- Tiffany Esinhart
- Jeremy Philip Brown (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9941-7759)
- Tiffany Schwasinger‐Schmidt (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6084-7866)
- Cornell Calinescu
- Caroline Greene
- Flora Castellino (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3432-9846)
- Maria D. Mileno
- R. Michelle Chouteau
- Walter Patton
- Georgi Shukarev (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5154-7047)
- Joseph L. Newberg
- David Joseph Diemert (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2789-0512)
- Alexander M. Clark (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2860-0492)
- Esther S. Huffine
- Keith R. Jerome (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8212-3789)
- William Schnitz
- Timothy Wilkin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9386-9335)
- Gary J. Luckasen
- Hanneke Schuitemaker (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8563-2266)
- Janet Garvey
- Johan Vingerhoets (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5939-9501)
- Emma Bainbridge
- Alpa V. Patel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9997-1218)
- Todd Simmons
- Leslie Iverson
- Videlis Nduba (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2266-8349)
- Gregory Feldman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6145-125X)
- Sergio L. Vargas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9299-6428)
- Michelle Maxwell
- Srilatha Edupuganti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6566-9969)
- Filip Dubovsky
- Jack T. Stapleton (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2302-9055)
- C.L. Mitchell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9703-372X)
- Haiyu Zhou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3328-6792)
- Nathan L. Alderson
- Wayne L. Harper
- Michelle Dickey
- Ryan C. Maves (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6234-6160)
- Dirk Heerwegh
- Becky Martinez
- Ryan Little (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4000-946X)
- Mark Hutchens
- Stephen A. Spector (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1882-4855)
- Fernando Noriega (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5133-3559)
- Pedro L. Sánchez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1402-0526)
- Bethanie Wilkinson
- Stephen J. Savarino
- Jennifer Schwartz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5303-1052)
- Wesley Campbell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8157-0771)
- Matthew B. Laurens (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3874-581X)
- Richard Novák (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0485-4284)
- Barbara Sieck Taylor (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2471-9629)
- Ian De Proost
- Elliot DeHaan
- Fernanda Morales Berstein (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8237-2021)
- Carrie Sopher
- Chen Sabrina Tan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7604-0824)
- Kristine J. Kucera
- Michael Adams (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4622-2501)
- Trina L. Reynolds
- David C. Benkeser (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1019-8343)
- Rambod Rouhbakhsh
- Susanne Doblecki‐Lewis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6535-6698)
- Danyel Johnson
- Sharon A. Riddler (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2545-7037)
- Toby Briskin
- Mary Beth Manning
- Alejandro Quintín Barrat Hernández
- Beverly E. Sha (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9659-3554)
- Ryan Tomlinson
- Njira Lucia Lugogo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0235-7105)
- Jeffrey B. Rosen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5933-4270)
- Rebecca Pellett Madan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7968-8287)
- Lisa A. Jackson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-0218)
- Jessica M. Mena (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3315-4431)
- David Rosenberg (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0005-4151)
- Tanya Hutchins
- Rafael Lupercio
- April Pixler
- Barney S. Graham (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8112-0853)
- Jenny Hendriks (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8191-6200)
- Brandie DePaoli Taylor (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8234-1815)
- Sharon Nachman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1665-7253)
- Szheckera Fearon
- Nafisa Saleem
- James H. Conway (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6040-403X)
- Christiana A. Rostad
- Les B. Forgosh
- Gert C. Scheper (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2316-756X)
- Janet E. Hill (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2187-6277)
- Scott Borgetti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6840-914X)
- Parul Desai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7532-972X)
- Jennifer Winbigler
- Valeria D Cantos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5447-3469)
- Tiffany Nemecek
- Diana Badillo
- Andrew McConnell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3617-7639)
- Hannah K. Harrington
- Peter Winkle
- Evelyn F. Hall (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8338-5572)
- Christine B. Turley (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8079-9382)
- Ying Huang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9655-7502)
- Thomas Campbell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2325-4674)
- Carrie D. Johnston (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2828-8718)
- Lawrence J. Purpura (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2900-6022)
- Sarah E. Rutstein (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1571-6576)
- Michael P. Fay (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8643-9625)
- Iksung Cho (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5927-5410)
- William Seger
- Richard P. Marshall (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9243-8138)
- Vicki E. Miller
- Hiroyuki Fukase (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9488-0947)
- Lazaro Gonzalez
- Elizabeth R. Duke (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3348-9039)
- Douglas Denham (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3466-1208)
- Carina Frago (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2450-6420)
- Marı́a Elena Santolaya (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0879-002X)
- Rebecca Boas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6449-3890)
- Jeffrey A. Klein
- LaTeshia Thomas-Seaton
- Michael Hassman
- Juan Pablo Torres (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3565-5467)
- Carlos Río (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2666-7746)
- Joseph J. Eron (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4938-0644)
- Jennifer A. Foley (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5083-2823)
- Kathleen M. Mullane (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8921-8561)
- Stephen R. Walsh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0817-9370)
- Beatriz Gilda Jegerhorn Grinsztejn (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3692-5155)
- Karen L. Kotloff (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1808-6431)
- Kenneth Hugh Mayer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7460-733X)
- Teresa Deese
- Javier Martínez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3516-2056)
- Susan Buchbinder (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2404-0712)
- Milagritos Tapia
- Paul A. Goepfert (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8441-5737)
- Jill York (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7411-3680)
- Kate Zenlea
- Karen Deutsch
- Melissa Anne Carr (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0870-6628)
- Getahun Abate (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7825-2422)
- Matthew Hong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0727-2848)
- Mary Easley
- David G. Taylor (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6620-6245)
- Marshall Nash
- Morgan McLaughlin
- Maryam Keshtkar‐Jahromi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8686-1036)
- Diana Vegas
- Thomas Weiss
- Sebastian Garcia Escallon
- Jaleh Ostovar
- Mark Eickhoff
- Ramin S. Herati (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2613-4050)
- Timothy W. Schacker (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2451-9937)
- James G. Kublin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1279-3741)
- Samuel Gurrion Ouma (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8445-0898)
- Kristin J. Marks (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0261-9443)
- David R. Andes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7927-9950)
- Amy Medina
- Paulina A. Rebolledo
- Hector Velásquez
- Martha Sanchez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1634-4591)
- John Amuasi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8640-2662)
- Adrienna Marquez
- Dalia Tovar
- Humberto Reynales (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2301-7716)
- Katherine Stapleton
- Dianca Sierra
- Lynn Eckert
- Sybil Hosek (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5230-0759)
- Zudi-Mwak Takizala
- Daniel F. Hoft (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8921-4093)
- Mario Castro (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6328-8994)
- Paola Lichtenberger
- Susan Kline (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7954-2926)
- Kacie Sales
- Alejandro Hoberman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6793-8798)
- Hillary Dunlevy
- Simmy Pinto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1323-129X)
- Matthew J. Hepburn
- Natasha Wilson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6134-8397)
- Kishorchandra Mandaliya
- Valerie Arnold
- Sarah Galloway (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0850-402X)
- Eric McGrath (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1542-6488)
- Erin Cooksey
- Cynthia Strout
- Thomas A. Mellman
- Susan J. Little (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7645-9737)
- Matthew Bonaparte
- Ronald Lubelchek
- Gregory M. Glenn (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2030-8665)
- Annette R. Bennett
- Zachary S. Bittner (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9202-7873)
- Brian Chow (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1599-9956)
- Laura Julia Camacho Choza (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2546-2175)
- Waseem Chughtai
- James Kopp
- Stephanie Andree
- Ashley Kennedy
- Winston Cavert
- Michael J. Koren
- Margaret Kautz
- Caitlin A. Moran (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8436-0465)
- Timothy Hatlen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3755-4309)
- Janine Maenza (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3992-4193)
- Will Jennings (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9007-8896)
- A. Lina Rosengren (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4256-706X)
- Amy Thompson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8996-6546)
- Matthew Davis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9976-3638)
- Elizabeth Parker (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4299-6091)
- Marguerite Koutsoukos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4174-8424)
- Laura Porterfield (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9144-144X)
- Jerald Sadoff (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4839-3013)
- Jessica L. Lee (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7902-7745)
- Barbara Pahud (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5379-7605)
- Phil Wakefield
- Hugo Macareno Arroyo
- Julio Nasim
- Evelyn Quevedo
- Kathryn E. Stephenson
- Matthew W. Doust
- Nelly Mugo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2347-006X)
- Fan Yang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4821-6583)
- Stephanie Sproule (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2995-349X)
- Rajan Merchant (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7732-0692)
- Paul Pickrell
- Margaret McCort (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8385-915X)
- J. Milligan
- Nelson L. Michael (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5882-5548)
- María Gabriela Becerra
- Marcy Kulic
- Leigh H. Fisher (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5228-1455)
- Robert Brownlee
- Daniel M. Duncanson
- Justin Singletary
- Tina Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3705-7927)
- Mayur Ramesh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1677-3994)
- Mamodikoe Makhene
- Victoria Mosteller
- Michaël Desjardins (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4028-8507)
- Karin Choquette
- Lauren Newhouse (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2903-8320)
- Laura Ruy Sanchez Guerrero (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1842-8449)
- Jessica Ibarra
- Guy de Bruyn (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8028-4474)
- Roberto C. Arduino (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7381-844X)
- Sabina Raja (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4427-4682)
- Kelly Kush
- Juan V. Guanira (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2746-3086)
- Karen T. Tashima (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1211-3120)
- Sandra M. Villagómez Martínez
- Andrew Lauria
- Sonja Neumeister
- Leslie Tharenos
- Pavitra Roychoudhury (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4567-8232)
- Robert W. Frenck (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2336-526X)
- Jorge A. Benítez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3185-9056)
- Rolando Pajón (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5155-5079)
- Shobha Swaminathan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8609-3073)
- Vida Veronica Ruiz Herrera
- Nianxian Zhang
- Simbarashe Takuva (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6030-2359)
- Jay Meyer
- Joanne E. Tomassini (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9399-2867)
- Edith Swann (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7791-9232)
- Adam J. Schwartz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1267-4462)
- Lisa J. Sanders (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5804-9726)
- Cheryl Nuss
- David L. Fried
- Frances Downing
- Nadine Rouphael (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2512-7919)
- Lars van der Laan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8220-6210)
- Kazuyuki Mizuyama
- Leena Paul (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4100-334X)
- Erika Mendoza (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6975-5044)
- Xiaomi Tong
- Lindsay R. Baden
- Michele D. Reynolds
- Robert Grossberg (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6322-8393)
- Edith Rodriguez
- Elizabeth Formentini
- G.H. Freeman
- Obiageli Sogbetun
- Alison C. Pellecchia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0150-289X)
- Joseph Yusin
- Kami Kim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3384-152X)
- Louis Devlin
- Paul Coplan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7078-7780)
- Lalitha Parameswaran (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2750-5357)
- Marshall A. Cross
- Boerries Brandenburg (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5025-3802)
- Hana M. El Sahly
- Jeffry Jacqmein (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6887-7939)
- Kendra Enright
- Jennifer N. Berry (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0601-3147)
- Margaret Wells
- Deb Manzo
- Uriel R. Felsen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4957-5767)
- Kawsar R. Talaat (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4899-6260)
- Macaya Douoguih (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2707-5729)
- Afsoon Roberts
- Stefanie Mott
- Megan Berman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7578-3578)
- Sally Eppenbach
- Kazuo Suzuki (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2531-794X)
- John A. Kirby (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2543-4131)
- Kwaku Poku Asante (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9158-351X)
- Diana F. Florescu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2776-1355)
- Laura Polakowski (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5476-7632)
- Jaime Augusto Carrillo
- Melinda Katz
- Thelma Laot
- Hein Fennema
- Roberto Viau (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4982-4708)
- Jennifer A. Whitaker (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7727-6086)
- Heather Clouting
- Jill Kessler
- Suzanne Fiorillo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3715-7477)
- William O. Hahn (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3181-2231)
- Arthur L. Zemanek
- Stanford Plavin
- Asif Noor (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1593-0943)
- Marcus Zervos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7328-4898)
- Rosa MacBryde
- Jose Castillo Mancilla
- Kia Lee
- Roger Bedimo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-0389)
- Raphael J. Landovitz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1442-714X)
- Amy S. Kelley (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6345-9834)
- Veronica Garcia-Fragoso
- Ann Marie Milliken
- Mohammad Mahdee Sobhanie (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2017-2726)
- Marcia O’Leary (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8584-5659)
- Sigridh Muñoz-Gómez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8836-2676)
- Amy Caldwell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0250-5865)
- Sharzhaad Molina Guizar
- Terry D. Klein
- William Smith (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4610-998X)
- Carolene Stephenson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4290-779X)
- Barbara Rizzardi
- Frances Priddy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2533-3982)
- Jill S. Blumenthal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2307-9108)
- Terry L. Poling
- Elie Gharib
- Anne Marit de Groot (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4782-3392)
- Erin Coston
- Florence Momplaisir
- Rebecca J. Kurnat
- Adam B. Rosen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1204-2289)
- Sandra Janeth Ortega Domínguez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8870-0420)
- Marie-Hélène Grillet
- Jeffrey M. Jacobson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7250-1208)
- Valentine M. Ebuh
- Hanh Chu
- Bryan C. Gordon
- Thomas Breuer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2532-0505)
- Andres Bran
- Odette Olivieri
- Patricia L. Winokur (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4826-1790)
- Shivanjali Shankaran (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0911-7438)
- C. Mary Healy
- Edward C. Jones‐López (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6323-286X)
- Edward F. Ellerbeck (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7774-2729)
- Wayne Woo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4272-4264)
- Lisa Stangl
- Daniel T. Lawler
- Lynne A. Haughey
- Nicholas A. Viens
- Tammi Shlotzhauer
- Liz Briesemeister
- T.R. Martin
- John L. Johnson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1783-0476)
- Cynthia L. Gay (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3620-3059)
- Lesley Browder
- Griet Van Roey
- Eduardo Gabriel Vázquez Saldaña (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8194-7199)
- Paulina Miller
- David Beckmann
- Shinya Nagamatsu
- Evelyn Lomasney
- William P. Jones (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9295-866X)
- Gerald Kelty
- Erica Herc (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9069-6659)
- Stacy Slechta
- Rob Striker (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0454-895X)
- Jeb Andrews
- Amy C Sherman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6075-3990)
- Holly Janes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3237-984X)
- Jeffrey R. Dugas
- Delia Bullock
- Grant Geiger (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6978-0859)
- Frank Struyf (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9988-0260)
- Robín Masón (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3143-6811)
- Justin A. Green
- Jenina Garcia
- Elizabeth Everette
- Julie A. Ake (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3831-5828)
- Martha Nason (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0110-881X)
- Richard Powell
- Charles Fogarty
- Michael Dever
- Amaran Moodley
- Richard E. Rupp (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9659-1217)
- Anna Wald (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3486-6438)
- Yaa Oppong
- Nzeera Ketter
- Michael J. Waters (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3215-1757)
- José O. Alemán (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3753-6717)
- David Dellaero
- Gayle D. Hennekes
- Andrew McWilliams (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3406-9201)
- Patrick A. Oliver
- Melissa Gottschlich
- Rosario Sánchez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6271-9748)
- Brenda Dorcely
- Jacob Coleman
- Dakotah C. Lane
- Albert Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0320-823X)
- Cory J. Huffine
- Jordan Coslet
- Steven Shinn
- Dan H. Barouch (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5127-4659)
- Judith L. Kirstein (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9665-8525)
- Richard Canter
- Stacy Ford
- Irene Graham
- Denise Roadman
- Joseph A. Grillo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7945-4093)
- Matthew Miles (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4768-385X)
- Leila S Hojat (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4364-8141)
- Kristina Harrison
- Robert J. Buynak
- James N. Goldenberg
- Margaret V. Powers‐Fletcher (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3825-1150)
- Luis I. De La Cruz
- Holli Hamilton
- Allison Green (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7734-4202)
- Jeffrey J. Stoddard (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7232-3800)
- Haoua Dunbar
- David Halpert
- Santa Kumar Das (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6832-439X)
- Christine Akamine
- Maria Angelica Granados
- Jerome G. Naifeh
- Dean A. Follmann (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4073-0393)
- Saadia Khizer
- Teletha Gipson
- M. Delgado
- J. E. J. Lovell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5273-9817)
- Suzanne Gharib (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4730-2781)
- Kimberly Snell
- Kate Jaegle
- Horacio Marafioti
- Chandramani Singh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5568-7036)
- Marianela Carvajal
- Michelle DallaPiazza (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3262-2368)
- Chimeremma Nnadi
- Jeremy Ackermann
- Jessica Andriesen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2016-8500)
- Teresa A. Batteiger (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5097-1425)
- Tilly Varughese
- Shane G. Christensen
- Samantha Williams (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8751-9571)
- Stephanie Rolsma (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7636-2222)
- Charlene McEvoy
- Victoria Andriulis
- Chandan Krushna Das (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2159-8227)
- Sarah Afework
- Nitin Khandelwal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7229-4413)
- Mohammed Allaw (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7800-607X)
- Charlotte-Paige Rolle (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6444-2225)
- Amy Chamberlain
- Dilek İnce (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5446-3789)
- Angelica C Kottkamp (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4103-1666)
- Michael S. Delgado (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4415-5314)
- Katherine Smith (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4454-7828)
- Daniel Kaul
- William S. Davis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2359-0387)
- Dawn Robison
- Steven M. Sperber (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1868-029X)
- Robert Riesenberg (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9296-1076)
- Michael Sciaudone (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5067-1185)
- Tatiana Beresnev (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9543-0107)
- Robert W. Coombs (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2709-0512)
- STEVEN J. SHOPTAW (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3583-0026)
- Jan E. Patterson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-9783)
- Karin Hardt
- Kelsey M. Sumner (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4479-897X)
- Mayur Patel
- Michele Vertucci
- Suzanne K. Swan
- Karen Ruperto
- Cynthia Maxwell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4734-1251)
- Andrea Zimmer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1460-0774)
- Laura Pearlman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0749-4707)
- Ilse Van Dromme
- An Vandebosch
- Rajeev Shrestha (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1822-3969)
- Kristin Bialobok
- Jacqueline M. Miller (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7083-2182)
- Michael J. Smith (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0389-6864)
- Lisa Johnson
- David A. Wohl (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7764-0212)
- Brett Gray (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9757-9586)
- Thomas Starkey (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6692-9563)
- Robin Hilder (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9927-6792)
- Ayanna Walters
- Grant Ellsworth (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7096-5153)
- Mercedes Paredes
- Tyler D. Bold (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7360-6546)
- Sonal S. Munsiff (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7493-9163)
- Lawrence Corey (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2179-2436)
- Tamara Richards
- Linda R. Belhorn
- Victoria R. Anderson
- Laurence Chu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8950-6117)
- Benjamin Eckhardt (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2846-9762)
- Debra B. Schroeck
- Ellie Carmody (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5297-4948)
- Alexander L. Greninger (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7443-0527)
- Kimberly Nofz
- Stephen R. Daniels (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5520-6952)
- Luis Espinoza (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4054-7487)
- B. Jordan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0521-1099)
- Amina Z. Haggag
- Allison August (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-5252)
- Gustavo H. Dayan
- Gysella Muñiz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2476-4008)
- Maggie Lewis
- Mouna G. Chebib
- Lisa Usdan
- Penny Peng
- Joseph A. Bocchini
- Jose Armando Gonzales Zamora (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2768-9712)
- Kathryn Shoemaker
- Susan Jeanfreau
- Mark J. Mulligan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7262-9746)
- Claudia Espinosa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2734-4981)
- Erin A. Goecker
- Irene McKnight
- Jesse L. Clark (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5862-6530)
- Saranya Sridhar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4267-3102)
- Kenneth Steil
- Codi M. Anthony
- Catherine Q. Gular
- Brett Leav (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0907-0817)
- James T. Peterson
- Rafael Mendoza‐Meroño (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6728-9705)
- Martin Ryser
- Jennifer Petts
- Bruce C. Gebhardt
- Maria Angeles Ceregido (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5412-2641)
- Jeffrey K. Kingsley
- Robert Jeanfreau
- Manish Kumar Jain (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9898-0382)
- Jamie Ackerman
- Rosa Negron
- Greg Wilson
- Barry S. Zingman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3772-2176)
- Bernard Grunstra
- Eric A. Meyerowitz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7954-6548)
- Christopher Carpenter (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5708-5381)
- Carlos Ynigo Lopez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0240-6122)
- Ryan Israelsen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9724-0865)
- Linda Murray
- Jessica Justman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4704-3115)
- Chris Galloway (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6599-3467)
- Shashi N. Kapadia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6363-2839)
- C. Buddy Creech (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8276-9053)
- Ian Frank (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7824-0106)
- Carolyn Scatamacchia
- Amesika N. Nyaku (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1703-0500)
- Spyros A. Kalams (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0098-7995)
- David Kline (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-3303)
- Veronica G. Fragoso
- Elizabeth Secord (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3250-7108)
- Vladimir Berthaud (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5585-4853)
- Elham Ghadishah
- Larry M. Bush (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-5947)
- Judith Brady
- Roman M. Chicz
- Maryrose Laguio‐Vila (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7768-2052)
- Daniel S. Graciaa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9484-8488)
- Paul J. Nugent
- Anne Wajja (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1711-4218)
- Patty Price-Abbott
- Celia González (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5282-1367)
- R.A. Calderon Candelario (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8918-3960)
- Peta-Gay Jackson-Booth
- Youyi Fong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4230-6863)
- Joseph P. Connor (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1799-8335)
- Lisa Cohen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2130-9467)
- Ruth S. Pinilla
- Cissy Kityo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9286-7052)
- Hyman M Scott (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8775-7214)
- Elizabeth J. Kelly (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6988-8576)
- Juana Rivera
- Hannah Kibuuka (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2293-1944)
- John S. Kizer
- Edward Tavel
- Elizabeth Barranco-Santana
- Aiying Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6129-0609)
- Corey G. Anderson
- John R. Mascola (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5293-4695)
- Julie White
- Peter Ronco
- Viviana Andrea Dosman González
- Nelia Sánchez-Crespo
- Beth Safirstein
- Fredric Santiago
- Mark Lerman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8974-5989)
- Amanda Horn (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1532-1627)
- Mark Leibowitz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0134-9836)
- Lode Schuerman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0697-6242)
- Germán Áñez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5361-3001)
- George H. Bauer
- Erica L. Johnson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3230-8715)
- Carolyn Tran (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4875-2335)
- Henry Peralta
- Christian Tomaszewski
- Donald M. Brandon
- Raymond Cornelison
- Derek Lewis
- Carmen A. Paez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8640-6623)
- Nicole L. Nollen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0943-0061)
- Whitney West
- Andrea A. Berry (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3140-3868)
- Isaac Thomsen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9240-0164)
- Margaret Brewinski Isaacs
- Kim Offergeld
- Jennifer L. Hall (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5103-5399)
- Vivek Rajasekhar
- Lori A. Nesbitt
- Edgar García
- Mitul Shah (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1732-598X)
- Javier Ruiz‐Guiñazú (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-3100)
- Clint C. Wilson
- Jeffrey Thessing
- Riemke M Brakema
- Kelly McQuarrie (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2362-1163)
- Norberto Fas
- Julián A. Torres
- Mira Baron (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8833-3659)
- Angella Webb
- María I. Rivera (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7204-8060)
- Paul Cramer
- David Pitrak (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6663-2436)
- Aurelio Cruz-Valdéz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0656-7166)
- Jarek Juraszek (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7430-2771)
- Ken Ho (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7973-1268)
- Mark Adams (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6010-7382)
- Carlos Malvestutto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3156-2965)
- Thomas L. Patterson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2311-6164)
- Merlin L. Robb (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3949-9649)
- Steven E. Carsons
- Gregg Lucksinger
- Anna S. Lok (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5811-6845)
- Gary L. Simon
- Karen Sofia Vega Orozco (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7763-9414)
- Michelle C. Reynolds (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5140-3585)
- Natasa Jenson
- Masaru Oshita
- Judith M. Martin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9456-1770)
- Julie E. Ledgerwood (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2047-6052)
- Robert J. Ulrich (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-5062)
- Jerome Custers (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7151-8654)
- Marı́a Cecilia Johnson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5102-2504)
- Sharon E. Frey (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6313-4053)
- Lora J. McGill
- Sheetal Kandiah
- Marvin Castellon
- Brenda Okech (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1722-5156)
- Kirsten Hauge (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7680-6322)
- Seyram Kaali (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6949-4203)
- Temitope Oyedele
- Shauna Gunaratne
- Edward E. Walsh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8792-8877)
- Evan J. Anderson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1576-4420)
- Piush Kanodia
- Anna P. Durbin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6652-2851)
- Carla Truyers
- Padma N. Mangu
- Jeffrey Adelglass
- Lisa M. Dunkle (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2973-0245)
- Patrick Newingham
- Caitlin J. Guiney
- Abram H. Burgher
- William P. Silver
- Adrienne E. Shapiro (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3106-1258)
- Paul E. Wylie
- Norma Vega
- James Walker
- Danny Sugimoto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7801-1231)
- Christopher Dedon
- Gary Headden
- Meagan Miller (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8377-6370)
- Leland N. Allen
- Lois Katz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6937-8170)
- Cynthia L. Monaco (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3093-5563)
- Jeffrey S. Overcash
- Amanda Philyaw
- Sherry Lamberth
- Eric S. Daar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1880-7331)
- Colleen F. Kelley (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5611-0119)
- Shishir Khetan
- Jim Callis
- Teresa S. Sligh
- Fredrick Sawe
- Francis Kiweewa
- Paul Nee
- María Calado Otero (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5037-9408)
- Enrique Ocaña
- Scott N. Syndergaard
- David Browder
- Nolan Mackey
- Kevin D. Cannon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6333-7343)
- Benjamin J. Luft (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9008-7004)
- John J. Treanor
- Anum Abbas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5891-2019)
- Robert L. Schmidt (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4414-0139)
- Andrés Camacho-González (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5615-5114)
- Amy Falk
- M. Juliana McElrath (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2276-7117)
- Abraham Siika (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7669-6612)
- Christine Hull
- Amy Starr
- Taylor Nelson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1913-9304)
- Jessica Ortega (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4460-8896)
- Deborah Theodore (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8998-113X)
- Elissa Malkin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0943-5433)
- Robyn Hartvickson
- Parke Hedges
- Michael J. McCartney
- Peter B. Gilbert (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2662-9427)
- K Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0432-4948)
- Yvonne Davis
- Nana Akosua Ansah (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0536-6349)
- Julie Hunt (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1927-432X)
- L. Cade
- Reuben Martinez
- Noah Kiwanuka (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2471-9290)
- Sade Tukuru (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6725-4791)
- Vickie Leathers
- Roni Gray
- Joanne Billings (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9513-4057)
- Jessica Heimonen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5737-7456)
- Gary Horwith
- Sandra Waller Shelton
- Marcel E. Curlin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3481-3889)
- John M. Hill (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2484-3670)
- Ashley Perez
- Magdalena E. Sobieszczyk (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7112-3118)
- Marcia Bernard
- Mesha M. Chadwick
- Vanessa Raabe (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2579-1104)
- Sarah Gordon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6263-3968)
- Mansoor N. Saleh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0209-8630)
- Deo Wabwire (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8923-2005)
- Shelby Olds
- Gail Broder (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5352-3097)
- Monica Murray
- F. Schödel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4059-6289)
- Jordan L. Whatley
- Iris Garcia‐Martínez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6656-3322)
- Mary Marovich (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8400-3748)
- Ann Regina Falsey (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7141-9701)
- Sharon Kohrs
- Carmen Amador (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8464-705X)
- Mehdi Mirsaeidi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5298-8442)
- Catherine Moreau (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3412-2981)
- Logan Ledbetter
- Jia Jin Kee
- Laura Kogelman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1691-9818)
- Natasha Montoya
- Gary Albert (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1134-586X)
- Patricia Nahirya Ntege
- Karla Beatriz Tafur Bances
- Darshna Kukian
- David I. Bernstein (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0100-1991)
- Jessica L. Ansel
- Lucas Otieno Tina
- Linda M. Schipani
- Craig Dietz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7036-9175)
- Jason F. Okulicz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2704-7162)
- Joseph Eron
- Kevin Parks
- Lindsey Robert Baden (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1752-1926)
- Tonya Villafana (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7929-6374)
- Joseph Boscia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6572-5879)
- Julia Hütter (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7989-0450)
- Tina Tong
- Lisa Chrisley
- Carina A. Rodriguez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8687-9703)
- Chinar Desai
- Phillip D. Levy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7306-5620)
- Rajesh K. Davit
- William R. Hartman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2118-7591)
- Julia S. Lord
- Rebecca Pitotti
- Cora Sonnier
- David J. Ensz
- Florence Coux
- Kathy Hudzina
- Svitlana Postol
- David Pekala
- Fernanda Tavares Da-Silva
- Médéric Celle
- Elodie Zaworski
- Karina Abalos
- Naveena Aloysia
- Aude Berge
- Hanna Beyko
- Oleksandra Bilotkach
- Agnes Garinga
- Lea Guillery
- Chalit Kosolsak
- Stephanie Mamod
- Rachael McClennen
- Tracy Okonya
- Amy Salzl
- Amanda Occhino
- Ruth Paiano
- Elisa Swieboda
- Wanda Ramon
- Insiya Valika
- Clarisse Baudelaire
- Sarah Dzigiel
- Kim Quillin
- Danielle Raley
- Christy Schmeck
- Christopher Matich
- James Longe
- John Witbeck
- Issac Pena-Renteria
- Darlene Bartilucci
- Janice Suyehira
- Veronica Procasky
- Alisha Lutat
- Melody Ronk
- Elizabeth Danford
- Heather Rattenbury-Shaw
- Cathy Laflan
- Nicole Harrell
- Timothy P. Vachris
- Mimi Van Der Leden
- Shannen Seversen
- Mara Kryvicky
- Sharita Tedder-Edwards
- Jennifer Bashour
- Pink Folmar
- Carol Ann Linebarger
- Hussain Malbari
- David Pampe
- Cecilia McKeown-Bragas
- Ben Ladner
- Steve Clemons
- Suzanna Studdard
- Sikhongi Phungwayo
- Alyssa-Kay Peay
- Jacqueline Muenzner
- Erica Osmundsen
- Elwaleed Elnagar
- Georgette Ebuh
- Genevieve Iwuala
- Denis Tarakjian
- Troy Holdeman
- Hannah Catan
- Annie Ciambruschini
- Emily Degan
- Tom Fiel
- Doris Franco-Vitteri
- Laura Hernandez Guarin
- Scott Kahney
- Jennifer Knishinsky
- Eneyda Giuvanela Llerena Zegarra
- John Lucaj
- Priyantha N. Wijewardane
- Reza Parungao
- Rachel Rokser
- Juan Luis Yrivarren Giorza
- Cyrus Hoseyni
- Dawn Furey
- Greg Hachigian
- Zindy Yazmín Zárate Hinojosa
- Janeth Pacheco-Flores
- Secia Díaz-Miralrio
- Kristen Kiersey
- Maricruz E. Ortegón
- Rodney E. Sturgeon
- David Tatelbaum
- Kathleen Menasche
- Vincent Mirkil
- Leana Woodside
- Pete Ducheneaux
- Dolores Rijos
- Lucy Ng-Price
- Teri Thompson-Seim
- Candice Montros
- Samira Shairi
- Wesley Van Ever
- Shana Harshell
- Glenn Wortman
- Destiny S. Heinzig-Cartwright
- Aeiress Duhart
- Shelby Pickle
- Kendra Lisec
- Mandy Vowell
- Genevieve Beninati
- Ayoade Avworo
- Lyndsea Folsom
- Jonathan Staben
- Patty Howenstine
- Alison Bondell
- Lisa Stevens Rameaka
- Lee Tomatsu
- Phillip Claybrook
- Hannah Nevarez
- Sarah M. Ingalsbe-Geno
- Karen Freudemann
- Noris Peraita
- Alicia Arrazcaeta
- Georgettea Geuss
- Melody Werne
- Joshua Rindt
- Sarah Omodele
- Angela Lee (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9174-2880)
- Michael Levin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2767-6919)
- Claudia González (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5955-8178)
- Austin Chan
- Milton Haber
- Silvano Omar Martínez Pérez
- Deanna Cooper
- Anthony Kim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8095-6517)
- John W. Sanders (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1077-6833)
- Isabel Pereira (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3553-366X)
- Vincent Huynh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0730-2453)
- Matthew Davies (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0813-4380)
- Farhan Siddiqui (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6255-1778)
- Nga Le (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4570-6296)
- Elizabeth Bennett (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4789-3294)
- Luis H. González
- James Zhou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6498-9274)
- Ramy J. Toma
- Lisa Menard
- May-Yin Suen
- Rusty Greene
- Beverly Ewing
- Mary Smith (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4833-2217)
- Toni White
- Kate Harden
- Janet Mendez
- Kary Kelly
- Fernando L. Merino
- Stephan Hong
- Bo Shopsin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7729-8584)
- Jennifer J. Chang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0171-3670)
- Michael R. Adams (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0783-9813)
- David Fitzpatrick (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3007-6818)
- Neil Sheth (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2345-2918)
- Monica A. McArthur (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2605-3752)
- Claudia Rodríguez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4764-3627)
- Michael P. Dubé (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2802-8908)
- Alberto Cadena (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8913-0319)
- Bo Fu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7141-2469)
- Sheryl L. Henderson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5799-6844)
- Kimberly D. Mueller (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8691-9517)
- Tracy Klein (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5860-2176)
- David Metzger (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4547-9970)
- James M. Ramsey
- Judy Pi
- Joseph D. Davis
- Deborah Murray
- Mary C. Walsh
- Nancy Cauwenberghs
- Sonia Guerrero
- James Andersen
- Edwin DeJesus
- Cynthia Bueno
- Eduardo López-Medina
- Najat Khan
- Jessica Rodriguez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9124-4243)
- Shannon L. Walker
- Lawrence Sher
- D.J. Quinn
- Jennifer Johnson
- Steven C. Palmer
- Jeanne Blevins
- Gowdhami Mohan
- Yi H. Wu
- Monica B. Carrascal
- Mohammed Antwi
- Maryam Jahromi
- Paul S. Bradley
- Rafael Rivero
- Elisabeth Bukusi
- Sandra Kelman
- Claudio Nuñez Lagos
- E. Javier Pretell Alva
- Jocelyn Zuleica Olmos Vega
- Breanz Watkins
- Sherrie Baker
- Kristen Johnson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3757-5795)
- Derek M. Smith
- Julie Hussey
- Mark M. McKenzie
- Corey M. Chen
- Monica Mauri
- Winniberg Stephany Alvarez León
- Carmen Medina
- Anelgine C. Yoon
- Jennifer McCarter
- Thomas Klein
- Sergio E. Recuenco
- Michael A. Jacobs (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1125-1644)
- Pamela Kane
- Bart Spiessens
- Jinen Shah
- T. H. Moye
- Robert Meyer
- Jessica Cowden
- Jeffrey A. Henderson
- Debora Dunbar
- Amie Shannon
- Catherine A. Bunce
- Nathan Segall
- Tavane Harrison
- Janet Nyawira Oyieko (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7343-9127)
- T. Anh Wartel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2693-9560)
- Marina Lee
- Mary Vogler
- Nancy B. Mueller
- Sauda Muhammad
- Christy Sweet
- Hayes Williams
- Robert J. Samuels
- Sharine Phan
- Leslie A. Edwards
- Crystal Rowell
- Stefanie Tyson
- Michael B. Butcher
- Denise Casey
- Meredith McNairy
- Jessica L. Weidler
- Michael J. Cotugno
- Barbara Corral
- Manisha Horton
- John McGettigan
- M. Elizabeth Halloran
- P. K. Bondy
- Tamzin Tanner
- Jorge Caso
- A González‐López
- John Hural
- Cheryl Young
- Hilario Alvarado
- Shu Han
- R. Scott McClelland
- C Kennelly
- D.V. Dobrianskyi
- Tami Wahlin
- Jewel J. White
- Susan Parker
- Ashley Warden
- Ripley R. Hollister
- Kathleen S. Jones
- Ryan P. Starr
- Terry Piedra
- Westly Keating
- Jonlyn McGettigan
- Mai Pham
- J. Pavie
- Jorge A. Chacón
- Austin D. Swanson
- Frank James
- Carmen Zorrilla (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7740-1636)
- Purvi Parikh
- Kenneth Finkelstein
- Enrique Rivas
- Sherif Naguib
- S Richmond
- Carlos A. DiazGranados
- Victoria Engler
- Léonard Singer
- Margaret Harris Cheng
- Bruno Valenti
- Joan Rothenberg
- Mary Allen
- Natasha Rybak
- Priti Patel
- Joel Solis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0143-0055)
- Frank Eder
- Vicky Cárdenas
- Kimberly L. Taylor
- Brendan Levy
- Denise Sample
- Luke Friesen
- Catherine Healy
- Mildred Stull
- Janet Otto
- Donna Percy
- Maria I. Bermudez
- Amanda Lilienthal
- Surisday Mederos
- Jennifer L Dong
- Rola G. Rucker
- Martha Cecilia Gómora Madrid
- Rickey D. Manning
- Lily Aleman
- Shireen H. Jaffer
- Natalie Ramirez
- José A. Bazan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8405-7156)
- Taryn Petty
- Frederick Raiser
- Maria Hernandez Moran
- Barton G. Williams
- Bruce G. Rankin
- Lina M. Forero
- Stephanie Skipper
- Adriana Sordo Duran
- Denisse Alejandra González Estrada
- Mónica Vallejo Ruiz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7972-3137)
- E. Cutz
- Teresa Becker
- Marie-Laure Py
- Alfredo Gilberto Guerreros Benavides
- M.C. Castro Villegas
- Michael Cancilla
- Annie F. Luetkemeyer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0911-1578)
- Randle Middleton
- Diane Johnson
- John Pullman
- James Willard Hurst
- Candace Smith
- Shanda Gower
- Jayasree Krishnankutty
- Sandra K. Erickson
- Cristina Cicogna
- Jessica Stahl
- Michael C. Keefer
- William B. Davis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1778-1881)
- Amy Potts
- Robert S. Call
- Stephan C. Sharp
- Howard I. Schwartz
- Sandra Mendoza
- Kristen K. Pierce
- José Accini
- Jill E. Miracle
- Murray Kimmel
- Mohamed S Al-Ibrahim
- Michelle King
- Farah Irani
- Juan J. Rivera
- Howard Schwartz
- Charles Harper
- Carlos Fierro
- Michael Chung
- Brittany Stewart
- Allie Oplinger
- Richard Glover
- Karina Cano Martínez
- Naomi Devine
- Tambra Dora
- M. Majumder
- LaKondria Curry
- Martha Medina
- Erwin Pardo
- Toni Robinson
- Mary Hussain
- Meghan Teherani
- Maria M. Regalado
- Mark E. Kutner
- Colleen Jacobsen
- Lena R. Freese
- Cortney Burch
- Connie Moya
- Asha Inniss
- M Regalado
- Atoya Adams
- Andrea Wendrow
- Stuart H. Cohen
- Meagan Thomas
- Gina Rivero
- Vanessa Abad
- Kimberly Nieves
- Michelle Saemann
- Veronica Viar
- Kinara S. Yang
- Jodi Meck
- Anyela Lara
- Daniela Pineda Méndez
- Michelle L. Burgett
- Ernesto Delgado
- Veer Bahadur Singh
- Maureen Cooney
- Wendy A. Keitel
- Michael Lewis
- Johan Van Hoof
- Carol A. Kauffman
- Marguerite A. Neill
- Jamshid Saleh
- Rica Santiago
- Jitendra Singh Kushwaha
- Mathieu Le Gars
- Nan Zhai
- Andrea Clement
- Zainab Rizvi
- Richard L. Gorman
- Oyebisi Olanrewaju
- Brandon Essink (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7309-228X)
- Chinthaparthi Prabhakar Reddy
- J C Nelson
- Amber Stanford
- Clint C. Guillory
- Amy Dye
- Natalia Leistner
- B.A. Ball
- Tana Bourgeois
- Morgan Hussey
- Chelsea Miles
- Rosamond Hong
- Rhodna Fouts
- Rozeli Shelly
- Shannon Rodman
- Michele Baka
- Jennifer Knowles
- Silva Sieger
- Cayce Tangemen
- Cathy Greiwe
- Michele Peake-Andrasik
Institutions
- Florida State University (US)
- AstraZeneca (United Kingdom) (GB)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Grady Memorial Hospital (US)
- New York Blood Center (US)
- Janssen (Belgium) (BE)
- Emory University (US)
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- University of Chicago (US)
- Fred Hutch Cancer Center (US)
- Grady Health System (US)
- Moderna Therapeutics (United States) (US)
- Sanofi (United States) (US)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (US)
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (US)
- University of Rochester (US)
- Stony Brook University (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- Fogarty International Center (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- JAMA Network Open
- Published
- 2025-05-28
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.12763
- Citations
- 4
- Primary Topic
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 5.58
Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases