Role of ternary hybrid nanoparticle and EMHD on boundary layer flow with stretching-shrinking plate: Optimization analyses using RMS

• The use of hybrid nanoparticles enhances heat transfer rate and reduces skin friction in EMHD boundary layer flow. • Optimization analyses reveal maximum thermal performance and flow improvement under specific electromagnetic and radiation conditions. • Hybrid nanoparticles demonstrate a synergistic effect, leading to improved thermal and fluidic properties compared to individual nanoparticles. • A notable decrease in skin friction coefficient is observed, indicating better flow characteristics. • The combined statistical and numerical approach effectively identifies optimal parameters for thermal management systems. In this present work the statistical and numerical analysis to optimizing the role of ternary hybrid nanoparticle (THNP) (i.e. T i - S W C N T - M W C N T ) on heat transfer of electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) boundary layer flow with different effects (i.e. magnetic and electrical fields, stretching/shrinking and radiation source). The partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into model is simplified nonlinear ordinary differential equations using similarity transformation. The ordinary differential equations (ODEs) was numerically using the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method and the statistically analysis using the correlation analysis, probable error estimation, Regression, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Response Surface Designs ( L 15 ). The findings are the optimization the role of THNP in both the local Nusselt number (Nu) and Skin friction coefficient ( C f ) impacted by the pertinent dimensionless characteristics for the considered flow case using RMS method. From the results, the volume fractions of 4% for both Ti, SWCNT, and MWCNT improve both thermal and fluidic properties of the nanofluid and show a combined effect of the nanoparticles. This study is marked by a significant decrease in the C f which implies a better flow characteristics for the hybrid nanoparticles case. Optimum conditions were achieved in the maximum value of the N u thus depicting high thermal enhancement and an enhanced cooling capability, which is very essential in thermal management systems.