Exploring the Potential of Green Clay Materials Through Sustainable Modification with Natural Polysaccharides

This study investigated the effects of natural polysaccharides—guar gum (GG) and xanthan gum (XG)—on the properties and structure of illitic clay. Clay samples were prepared using five different GG and XG solutions, with polysaccharide concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, and 2.5%. The physical, mechanical, and hygroscopic properties of the samples were evaluated, along with water erosion resistance and structural characteristics, using SEM analysis. The addition of GG or XG significantly increased compressive strength and water erosion resistance, reduced shrinkage, and slightly improved the bulk density compared to the control clay sample. The results showed that compressive strength increased by 28–63% and 46–84% with the incorporation of GG and XG solutions, respectively. These findings suggest that environmentally friendly clay-based building materials can be effectively produced even using small amounts of natural polysaccharides.