Exploration of the Supercapacitive Performance of 3D Flower-like Architecture of Quaternary CuNiCoZnO Developed on Versatile Substrates

The demand for high-performance supercapacitors has driven extensive research into novel electrode materials with superior electrochemical properties. This study explores the supercapacitive behavior of quaternary CuNiCoZnO (CNCZO) films engineered into a three-dimensional (3D) flower-like morphology and developed on versatile substrates, including carbon cloth, stainless steel mesh, and nickel foam. The unique structural design, comprising interconnected nanosheets, enhances the electroactive surface area, facilitates ion diffusion, and improves charge storage capability. The synergistic effect of the multi-metallic composition contributes to remarkable electrochemical characteristics, including high specific capacitance, excellent rate capability, and outstanding cycling stability. Furthermore, the influence of different substrates on the electrochemical performance is systematically investigated to optimize material-substrate interactions. Electrochemical evaluations reveal outstanding specific capacitance values of 2318.5 F/g, 1993.7 F/g, and 2741.3 F/g at 2 mA/cm² for CNCZO electrodes on stainless steel mesh, carbon cloth, and nickel foam, respectively, with capacitance retention of 77.3%, 95.7%, and 86.1% over 5000 cycles. Furthermore, a symmetric device of CNCZO@Ni exhibits a peak specific capacitance of 67.7 F/g at a current density of 4 mA/cm², a power density of 717.4 W/kg, and an energy density of 25.6 Wh/kg, maintaining 84.5% stability over 5000 cycles. The straightforward synthesis of CNCZO on multiple substrates presents a promising route for the development of flexible, high-performance energy storage devices.