Decentralized Microgrid Energy Management: A Cooperative Game Approach for Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading

This article introduces an innovative platform for microgrids (MGs) that enables active energy trading both with the main power grid and directly among MGs. By facilitating Peer-to-Peer (P2P) energy trading, the proposed platform ensures mutually beneficial outcomes, particularly in the presence of advanced energy resources such as Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) and Demand Response Programs (DRPs). From the perspective of power systems, P2P energy trading enhances local energy balancing and promotes self-sufficiency within MG networks. Unlike traditional noncooperative game models, where participants act independently, this study adopts a cooperative game approach that aligns with the autonomous and self-interested nature of MGs. Numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of the platform, demonstrating that MGs can engage in energy trading while achieving economic benefits. Fur-thermore, the platform determines optimal pricing and energy trading volumes, ensuring that participants gain measurable eco-nomic advantages in the P2P market. Additionally, technologies such as BESSs and DRPs significantly enhance energy sharing among MGs, thereby improving overall system efficiency and sustainability.