Comparative Analysis of STATCOM, SVC, TCSC, and UPFC for Power Flow Balance and Efficiency of Parallel Distribution Lines

Efficient power delivery and reliable system operation are critical in modern electrical distribution networks. The 69 kV parallel distribution line of the Cagayan de Oro Power Distribution System faces challenges such as high losses, congestion, and fluctuating reliability due to increasing load demand and distributed generation (DG) integration. Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices, including Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM), Static VAR Compensator (SVC), Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC), and Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC), offer technological solutions to optimize power flow, improve system reliability, and enhance overall efficiency. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the effects of these FACTS devices on the operational performance of the 69 kV parallel distribution line. Using MATLAB for simulation, the study evaluates the devices' impact on critical performance parameters, including power flow optimization, transmission efficiency, and system reliability under varied loading conditions. Results indicate that while all FACTS devices enhance system performance, UPFC demonstrates the most comprehensive improvement in terms of reducing line losses, balancing power flow, and ensuring operational reliability. This comparative analysis provides insights into selecting the most appropriate FACTS for future implementation in Cagayan de Oro Distribution System and as well as other distribution networks facing similar challenges.