Dynamic Demand Optimization in Grids with Distributed Solar Photovoltaic and Vehicle-to-Grid Technology

The increasing adoption of electric vehicles presents both opportunities and challenges for the sustainable operation of electric grids. While electric vehicles help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels, their integration intro-duces complexities such as demand fluctuations, grid asset stress, and power quality issues. This paper focuses on dynamic demand optimization in electric grids by incorporating distributed solar photovoltaic (PV) systems and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology. By developing an optimization framework that accounts for solar PV output, electric vehicle state of charge (SOC), and grid demand, this study aims to enhance grid flexibility and miti-gate peak demand impacts. The proposed framework improves grid efficiency by synchronizing PEV charging with solar PV generation and leveraging V2G technology for peak shaving.