Science, Technology and Innovation in Colombia: Impact of the Relationships Between Enterprises, Government and Universities

This study examines the dynamics and challenges of the Triple Helix model, highlighting its role in reducing regional disparities and strengthening innovation ecosystems. The methodology includes a comparative analysis of public policies such as Law 1978 on ICT and Law 2069 on Entrepreneurship, complemented by impact indicators such as a 77% increase in granted patents and the growth of indexed publications in Scopus, reaching 150,749 articles between 2002 and 2024. The findings reveal significant progress in strategic sectors like FinTech and renewable energy, with 1,720 active start-ups in 2024 and the addition of 3,500 MW to the energy matrix. However, persistent challenges were identified, including regional inequality and the need to strengthen territorial governance mechanisms. This work concludes that integrating emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence and blockchain, could further enhance the impact of the Triple Helix model, promoting equitable and sustainable development.