Prompt engineering for detecting phishing

This paper introduces an adversarial framework using two Large Language Models (LLMs) tailored through prompt engineering to advance phishing detection capabilities. The first LLM operates as a generator, crafted prompts guiding it to produce sophisticated phishing emails that mimic legitimate interactions. The second LLM acts as a discriminator, with prompts designed to enhance its ability to detect and classify these generated phishing attempts accurately from genuine emails. This setup leverages the dynamic capabilities of prompt engineering to refine the models’ responses, facilitating an ongoing evolution in both phishing simulation and detection. By implementing this methodology, we aim to improve the robustness and adaptability of AI-driven security defenses against complex cyber threats.

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Publication Details

Published
2025-05-28
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3055277
Primary Topic
Spam and Phishing Detection
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

Prompt engineering for detecting phishing

Eric C. Larson, Darrell L. Young, Mitchell A. Thornton
Spam and Phishing Detection
article

Prompt engineering for detecting phishing

Eric C. Larson, Darrell L. Young, Mitchell A. Thornton
article en

Abstract

This paper introduces an adversarial framework using two Large Language Models (LLMs) tailored through prompt engineering to advance phishing detection capabilities. The first LLM operates as a generator, crafted prompts guiding it to produce sophisticated phishing emails that mimic legitimate interactions. The second LLM acts as a discriminator, with prompts designed to enhance its ability to detect and classify these generated phishing attempts accurately from genuine emails. This setup leverages the dynamic capabilities of prompt engineering to refine the models’ responses, facilitating an ongoing evolution in both phishing simulation and detection. By implementing this methodology, we aim to improve the robustness and adaptability of AI-driven security defenses against complex cyber threats.

Southern Methodist University (US)
Openalex Percentile: Top 84%
Spam and Phishing Detection
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Prompt engineering for detecting phishing — Eric C. Larson, Darrell L. Young, et al. · (2025) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS